Sugar free gum is not a recent invention, but in recent years different types of sugar substitutes have allowed for improved formulations. Some manufacturers still use artificial sweeteners such as saccharin and aspartame, but the use of alternative sweeteners is increasing. Stevia and sugar alcohols such as xylitol and sorbitol offer a more natural option, and xylitol in particular exhibits health benefits that make gum chewing a healthier habit.
Description
Xylitol is a sugar alcohol, so while it is similar to sugar it has some different properties. Like sugar, it is a white crystalline substance, but it is metabolized more slowly by the body. Although mass production began as early as during the second world war, xylitol was relatively unknown in the United States until recently.
Source
Some xylitol occurs naturally in fruits and vegetables, and we even produce some in our bodies as part of the normal metabolic process. For most commercial purposes xylitol is mass produced, either from corn or from hard wood such as birch.
Uses
Xylitol is used as a sugar substitute in products such as gum, candy and cough drops, with only 2.4 calories per gram versus 4.0 calories per gram for sugar. In some cases it is included not only for its sweetening ability but also for its specific health benefits. Some manufacturers include xylitol in dental care products such as toothpaste to provide natural cavity prevention and sweetness.
Benefits
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves the labeling of xylitol-containing products to indicate that they do not promote tooth decay. Xylitol can go beyond the level of not promoting decay to actually prevent cavities by limiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans, the strain of bacteria that causes cavities. The California Dental Association cautions that this benefit is only likely when gum includes xylitol as its first ingredient. Xylitol is safer for diabetics than sugar due to its reduced rate of metabolism, although individuals with confirmed diabetes should consult a physician regarding the safety of consuming it. Chewing xylitol gum was also shown to reduce the incidence of ear infections in children, in a study published in a 1996 issue of the British Medical Journal.
Cautions
Xylitol is dangerous to dogs and should be kept away from pets at all times. If a dog does ingest xylitol, it may experience a rapid blood sugar drop which can lead to severe symptoms such as seizures. Dr. Eric Dunayer, a veterinarian specializing in clinical toxicology, cautions that acute liver failure may result and that symptoms of xylitol consumption can arise within as little as half an hour. Veterinary intervention is critical and should thus be sought immediately.
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