The National Federation of the Blind reports that each year, 50,000 Americans become blind. While a majority of cases are due to age, a great number of children and young adults also suffer from this condition. A variety of causes are responsible for this occurrence, some of which may be preventable.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is responsible for one out of every seven or eight cases of blindness, and is due to the buildup of transparent fluid in the front part of the eye. Because this fluid does not drain as it should, it causes excess pressure in the eye. When not detected and controlled, this pressure causes continuous damage to the eye structure, resulting in blurred vision, a smaller field of sight and eventually, a complete loss of vision. If detected early, most cases can be controlled with medication.
Cataracts
While some people are born with cataracts, it is generally a condition that occurs with age. It is not a painful condition; however, it is one that causes a clouding of the lens and blocks the passage of light through the eye. In some cases, the only symptom one will experience is blurred or dimmed vision. For the more severe cases, surgery is required to remove the damaged lens, replacing it with an intraocular lens or contact lens.
Macular Degeneration
Macular degeneration, according to the National Council for the Blind of Ireland, is a condition that causes loss of vision in the center of the eye. Recognizing colors may become difficult, as can reading, writing and work that requires close-up vision. Peripheral vision may still be accessible, allowing the person to see people moving on the side of him; however, his vision will be hindered during the day, requiring more light for him to see while he is awake. In most cases, this condition affects older people.
Detached Retina
A detached retina will result in a loss of vision, and this is a problem seen more frequently in middle-aged people and those who are short-sighted. Once detached, the retina will appear as a shadow over the eye. In other cases, the person may see bright flashes of light or dark spots referred to as floaters. The National Council for the Blind of Ireland states that these are not painful symptoms, nor are they harmful. However, once they appear and vision becomes compromised, it is time to see an optometrist immediately.
