Running to the bathroom because of a severe and persistent bout of diarrhea can be extremely inconvenient and even life-threatening if not treated promptly. Diarrhea leads to fluid and electrolyte loss in the body. Certain viruses and inflammation of the digestive tract can lead to chronic diarrhea. Fortunately, some causes of chronic diarrhea can be managed.
Viral Gastroenteritis
Viral gastroenteritis, commonly known as the stomach flu, is typically associated with persistent and watery diarrhea, stomach cramping and a fever. The Mayo Clinic says that other symptoms of viral gastroenteritis include vomiting, nausea, a headache or muscle aches. These symptoms usually remain for one or two days but can last for as long as a week.
Consuming contaminated beverages or foods typically leads to viral gastroenteritis. For example, such foods can carry viruses like the rotavirus or the norovirus. The rotavirus is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in children and infants, says the Mayo Clinic, while many types of norovirus can infect children and adults.
Treatment involves avoiding solid foods until the stomach settles. Also, resting and rehydrating with sips of fluid can manage the dehydration that results from viral gastroenteritis. Sufferers should start eating soft foods such as rice, bananas, toast and potatoes.
Crohn's Disease
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease in which the digestive tract becomes inflamed. MedlinePlus says that specific Crohn's disease symptoms include persistent and watery diarrhea, stomach cramping, fever, weight loss, pain during bowel movements, also called tenesmus, and fatigue. Crohn's disease can also cause mouth ulcers, rectal bleeding, a skin rash and swollen gums.
The cause for Crohn's disease is not clear. However, it is believed that the immune system becomes overactive.
Treating Crohn's disease involves modifying the diet. Avoiding greasy and high-fiber foods can decrease the symptoms of Crohn's disease. Also, taking medications such as aminosalicylates, corticosteroids and immunomodulators can reduce symptoms. Sometimes, antibiotics and drugs such as adalimumab can also be used. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to remove damaged tissue.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome is a medical condition that affects the large intestine. According to the Mayo Clinic, symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome include alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea, stomach pain, bloating, gas (flatulence) and mucus in the stools.
Unfortunately, the cause of irritable bowel syndrome is not known. Certain foods like chocolate, stress, hormonal changes and illness such as infectious diarrhea can lead to irritable bowel syndrome.
