An allergy to dogs can present itself in various ways, and the signs can range from mild to severe. The allergic reaction is an overreaction of the immune system to a protein found in the dog's dander, saliva or urine. A person who is allergic to dogs might only be allergic to certain breeds of dogs. If you are allergic to dogs, the best way to avoid a reaction is to minimize your exposure to dogs.
Nasal Passage Problems
Dog allergens easily become airborne and end up landing in the nasal membranes. The result can be sneezing, nasal congestion and facial pain. If allergen levels are low or a person only has a minor sensitivity to dog allergens, symptoms may not occur until several days after exposure. Chronic inflammation of the sinuses can make a person more likely to develop a sinus infection. Sneezing and congestion might also be signs of a cold. If you suspect you have a dog allergy, a physician can test for it with a skin test or a blood test.
Breathing Difficulties
Some people who are allergic to dogs experience coughing, wheezing and tightness in the chest. According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, some highly sensitive people develop severe breathing problems within 15 to 30 minutes of exposure. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology estimates that as many as one out of five individuals with asthma is also allergic to pets. An asthma attack can require immediate medical attention.
Itching
A scratch or a lick from a dog can cause an allergic reaction on the skin. The skin becomes itchy and red after exposure. Hives may also develop. If a person is allergic to dogs, itching might not only be a skin problem. Itching can also occur in the eyes, the throat, the roof of the mouth and the inside of the nose. Mild itching from a dog allergy is often treated with an antihistamine.
Eye Problems
The membranes that line the eyes can react to dog allergens. The eyes may become swollen, red and watery. When the tissues that line the eyes become inflamed because of allergies, the condition is called allergic conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis is commonly called pink eye, but it is important to note that allergic conjunctivitis is different than the type of pink eye that is caused by bacteria or viruses--allergic conjunctivitis is not contagious. Rubbing the eyes worsens the condition. Cold compresses and over-the-counter antihistamines often help relieve discomfort, and a physician may recommend prescription eye drops.
