Head lice often emerge in schools, as they are a common problem among children ages three to 12 years, due to close contact and sharing, according to Kids Health. These tiny wingless insects feed on blood drawn from the scalp, causing chronic itching and inflammation. Even more irritating than their bite, however, is the struggle to rid them from your home and keep them from infecting other family members.
Apperance
Three types of lice exist, which may appear on various parts of the body, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Head lice appear on the scalp, close to the skin's surface. They are difficult to spot, due to their extremely small size. They measure the approximate size of a sesame seed and are grayish-white or tan in color, according to Kids Health. Growing lice (nymphs) are smaller, reaching their full-size in around 1 to 2 weeks from the time they hatch. Before the itching and irritation begin, you may notice their eggs (nits) on the scalp. Though they have the appearance of dandruff, they do not flake-off when you shake or comb them.
Itching and Irritation
Lice are widely known for their bothersome characteristics, but may be mistaken for dry scalp or dandruff. If you are unable to see them on yourself or your child's scalp, chronic itching and tickling may indicate their presence. To check for traces of lice, part the hair in sections, particularly around the ears and the nape of the neck. You may need a magnifying glass to search for eggs, which are more visible than moving lice. Other signs of lice are bumps and sores on the scalp, which can result from frequent scratching. Kids Health reports some children develop rashes or bacterial infections on the scalp, which can lead to swollen lymph glands.
Contagious
The contagious characteristics of lice make them a hazard in schools and public places, where they can quickly spread form one person to the next. They are unable to hop or fly, but can cling to hair using their miniature claws. The most common transmission of lice occurs from direct contact (head-to-head), though they can live in bed linens, clothing, combs and hats. Despite common misconceptions, lice are not passed from pets to people.
