Bipolar disorder is a mental illness resulting in mood changes ranging from low and depressed moods to high, manic swings. The depression causes sadness and loss of interest in formerly enjoyable activities, while the highs related to bipolar disorder are the opposite, causing euphoric feelings. The Mayo Clinic reports some people with bipolar disorder experience several mood shifts per day, while others' moods fluctuate less frequently (such as once a year). Similarly to diabetes and heart disease, bipolar disorder is serious condition that requires continuous treatment, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).
Depression
Bipolar disorder has several subtypes, each with similar symptoms that vary in degree. All three subtypes are characterized by episodes of depression and mania or hypomania (a moderate form of mania). The Mayo Clinic reports the exact symptoms of bipolar disorder differ in each person, causing serious consequences for some.
Depression is a painful state of mind, causing the depressed individual to feel sad, lonely and disinterested. Depression can also be dangerous and, in severe cases, may lead to suicide. Moderate and mild depression may not be dangerous, but can disrupt an individual's life, affecting his job and ruining relationships.
Euphoria
Euphoria (mania) is the other intense mood that is evident in bipolar disorder. An individual in this state of mind becomes excited about life and extremely optimistic. He may set high goals, become restless, talk fast and behave impulsively. Risky behaviors, such as spontaneous spending of money, engaging in business ventures and sexual relationships often occur in this phase of bipolar. In addition, a manic individual may sleep less often and be agitated or unable to concentrate.
Psychotic Episodes
The NIMH reports some individuals with bipolar disorder have psychotic symptoms, which stem from severe episodes of mania or depression. The person may believe he is doomed, has committed a crime or is being pursued. A person with an extremely euphoric mood may have an inflated sense of self, believing he is famous, wealthy or has supernatural abilities. These characteristics are sometimes mistaken for schizophrenia, according to the NIMH, and some individuals may be diagnosed incorrectly.
