Many parents consider potty training a landmark of the early toddler years. Proper potty-training methods include encouragement and an understanding that the process is not a simple one. If your child is showing signs of independence, interest in using the bathroom and the ability to stay dry longer in diapers, he may be ready to begin potty training. Parents should remember to always use positive language and to never reprimand a child during the process.
Time Frame
The University of Michigan Health Center states most children are ready to begin potty training between ages 24 and 27 months. Starting potty training too early may delay the training process and actually cause a child to take longer to learn proper toileting. Ninety-eight percent of children are potty trained by age 36 months. The process typically takes three to six months. If both parents are working parents, the University of Missouri suggests starting training on the weekend.
Types
Potty training can be divided into two different categories. The first category includes urinary and bowel training. Some children may be able to urinate into the toilet but continue to have bowel movements in their diapers. The second category identifies the time of day--different techniques are used for nighttime and daytime potty training. The Mayo Clinic states that most children get the hang of daytime bladder training within six months; however, nighttime urinary training may take months or even years to master.
Supplies
Potty training requires specific supplies. Training underwear, such as pullups, and several pairs of cloth underwear are necessary. Wet wipes and other cleaning supplies are needed in case an accident occurs. A kid-size toilet seat or small potty chair allows a child to feel comfortable using a toilet, because it fits her smaller body. The Mayo Clinic suggests covering the mattress with a plastic cover for protection from nighttime accidents.
Bowel Training
Bowel training commonly happens before urine training, because the child is able to control the sphincter muscle at an earlier age than controlling urination. Signs of a bowel movement are easily recognizable and include squatting down, straining or making specific facial expressions. Signs a child is getting ready to have a bowel movement are often easier to catch than when he is getting ready to urinate.
Urine Training
Toilet training begins by communicating to the child she will begin using the toilet. The University of Michigan suggests that parents approach the training process with enthusiastic energy. Sitting on the potty seat, even fully clothed, allows the child to become comfortable on the toilet and to welcome to the idea of potty training. Implementing regular potty breaks into the child's daily schedule, such as 20 minutes after each meal, gives the child time to empty her bladder.
Incentives
Always praise the child whether results are positive or negative, recommends the Mayo Clinic. Signs of disappointment or discouragement during potty training may result in the child resisting further training. Examples of effective incentives include small pieces of candy, stickers or an extra story at bedtime. Incentives encourage the child to attempt potty training and should be awarded regardless of the child's success.
