Sexual abuse can affect an individual in many ways. Although physical abuse can leave visible scars, sexual abuse is often invisible to the outside observer. Determining whether someone is being sexually abused becomes much easier if you know and understand the signs. But it is important to consider the context in which these signs exist, as going through significant changes, such as parents divorcing or the loss of a loved one, can also cause some of these behaviors to surface.
Behavioral Changes
Most of the signs of sexual abuse are behavioral in nature. Sudden changes are usually the first clue. Anything that is out of the ordinary for an individual should be paid attention to. Often one of the most obvious signs is sexual behavior or gestures that are unusual and/or sophisticated for a person's age. Others include bed-wetting and sudden refusal to participate in physical activities, such as gym classes or sports.
Physical Symptoms
Depending on the nature of the abuse, physical ailments can be present, including difficulty walking or sitting. The victim may exhibit sudden changes in appetite or sleep patterns or complain of stomachaches or headaches. The most obvious physical symptoms are those involving the genitalia. Itching, pain or excessive focus on this area is often a clue. These symptoms should be discussed with a physician to rule out other problems.
Emotional Changes
Anxiety or depression is also a very common sign of abuse. The victim may be lethargic or suddenly lack interest in activities that he previously enjoyed. He may have behavioral problems at school or show behavioral changes at home. Exhibiting anger--often in the form of outbursts--is not unusual. Fearful or changed behavior around others should also be noted. If this behavior persists, finding a therapist who deals with sexual-abuse issues may be helpful. Most physicians can help in providing this type of referral.
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