Candida albicans is the formal name of the fungus that causes most yeast infections. Candida is normally found in the mouth, bowel, vagina and on the skin, and is usually kept from growing out of control by the immune system. Yeast overgrowth can infect the vagina, penis, diaper area in infants, or skin folds. Candida in the mouth, called thrush, can occur at any age. The fungus thrives in dark, moist areas. Candida normally grows out of control only under certain circumstances.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are the number one cause of yeast infections. Because antibiotics are indiscriminate, they kill off all bacteria, good and bad. Since some bacteria keep the yeast under control, killing off bacteria allows yeast to flourish. Taking lactobacillus acidophilus, probiotics or "good bacteria" when taking antibiotics may help prevent candida infections, the University of Maryland Medical Center reports.
Diabetes
Diabetes raises the glucose content of urine, and glucose is an excellent medium for yeast growth. Women with diabetes are likely to have more yeast infections than those who don't. Frequent yeast infections or yeast infections that don't heal may be a sign of undiagnosed diabetes, the University of Michigan states. High levels of glucose in saliva may lead to increased thrush infections in diabetics. Controlling blood sugar can help decrease yeast infections.
Weakened Immune Systems
People with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or those with HIV, are prone to developing candida infections, because their bodies aren't able to fight off the fungus. People who are taking steroid medications have immune suppression and may also develop frequent yeast infections. Yeast infections can be treated topically or by oral medications.
High Estrogen Levels
Oral contraceptives that contain high levels of estrogen increase the risk of developing a candida infection. Pregnant women and those taking hormone replacement therapy are also prone to yeast infections for the same reason.
