When kids have crooked teeth, an overbite or underbite---also known as malocclusion---they often end up seeing an orthodontist to get braces. Years ago, having braces often went hand-in-hand with cruel nicknames like "metal mouth." However, the development of new materials and processes has meant that several kinds of effective, and often less obtrusive, braces are available.
Metal Braces
Metal braces are still an option because they're durable, effective and often the least expensive option, according to Archwired.com. Even these "traditional" braces are a big improvement over the braces of yesteryear; the metal brackets are smaller now, come in gold and other colors besides silver, and can sometimes be found in different shapes, like hearts and stars. The wires are also thinner than they used to be, because they're made from a space-age material that's very strong. Another new option is "speed braces" which have self-ligating brackets, meaning they don't require ligatures---the little rubber bands or metal ties that are traditionally used to hold the wire onto the brackets. However, some kids like the elastics, because they're changed at each appointment and come in a rainbow of colors.
Lingual Braces
Lingual braces are also usually made from metal, but they go behind the teeth instead of in front, so other people can't see them. Only orthodontists with special training are able to put these braces on, so they're harder to source and more expensive than regular braces. They also may hurt the tongue and make it difficult for kids to speak properly until they get used to having something new behind their front teeth.
White Braces
Ceramic or porcelain braces are tooth-colored, so they're much less noticeable than metal. The brackets are made of a similar material to what a dentist uses for tooth-colored fillings or repairs, but the wires are still metal. The drawbacks are that they cost more than metal braces and sometimes need to be left on the teeth a few months longer. Self-ligating versions are available, but they generally come with elastics that are clear or white to be as unnoticeable as possible; most kids won't have a problem with these, since they don't generally drink coffee or smoke, but the ligatures do tend to stain easily.
Clear Braces
Translucent braces are made out of monocrystalline sapphire and look almost invisible. They don't stain and are strong but also cost more than metal braces. Removable clear braces made of plastic trays that fit the teeth perfectly also exist, but they are usually not used for kids.
