Premature infants, also known as "preemies," refers to babies born prior to 37 weeks gestation, says MedlinePlus. Babies that are born too early do not have well-developed organs and can present with such symptoms as poor feeding, body hair, a weak cry, lung problems and thin shiny skin. Unfortunately, some of the complications of preemies are potentially life-threatening.
Intraventricular Hemorrhage of the Newborn
Preemies are susceptible to intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of the newborn. MedlinePlus reports that IVH is a condition in which the newborn actually bleeds into the fluid-filled regions around the brain. Symptoms of IVH include reduced muscle tone, reduced reflexes, a temporary cessation of breathing (apnea), fatigue and a poor sucking reflex. IVH can also cause the newborn to sleep excessively. Newborns born prior to 30 weeks gestation are most susceptible to developing IVH. This occurs because the blood vessels in the brain are not yet strong and fully formed. Unfortunately, there is no treatment for IVH of the newborn.
Infant Jaundice
Infant jaundice is another complication of preemies. The Mayo Clinic says that infant jaundice refers to a yellowing of the skin that occurs as a result of excessive accumulation of bilirubin, a pigment of red blood cells. Infant jaundice typically occurs in babies born less than 36 weeks gestation. Sometimes, jaundice can be a sign of liver problems, a blood infection, internal bleeding or an infection. Light therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin and exchange blood transfusion are some treatments for infant jaundice. Light therapy (phototherapy) involves exposing the preemie to a blue-green light that actually alters the bilirubin so that it can be passed into the stool or urine. Intravenous immunoglobulin can decrease jaundice, and blood transfusions actually dilute the bilirubin in the blood so that the jaundice decreases.
Neonatal Sepsis
Neonatal sepsis refers to a blood condition that typically develops in newborns less than 90 days old. Specific neonatal sepsis symptoms include diarrhea, low blood sugar, yellowing of the skin or eyes, vomiting and difficulty breathing. Neonatal sepsis can also lead to diarrhea, reduced movements, a slow heart rate and a swollen stomach. Bacteria such as Group B Streptococcus and Escheria coli can lead to neonatal sepsis; preterm delivery also leads to neonatal sepsis. Antibiotic medications are given to treat this condition.
