Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of vision loss in patients over the age of 60, according to the National Eye Institutes. AMD is generally associated with a slow, painless decline in sharp, central vision loss, although in some cases vision loss, can occur rapidly and affect both eyes. The causes of AMD are unknown, but risk of developing the disease increases with age, smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and possibly sun exposure (or other exposure to UV light). Women are also at a somewhat higher risk of developing AMD than men.
Beta-Carotene
Beta-carotene, a vitamin found in food sources such as leafy green vegetables, carrots, sweet potatoes and other yellow and orange fruits, is thought to be an important vitamin for eye health. There is some evidence that consuming a diet rich in leafy green vegetables may reduce the risk of developing AMD.
Beta-Carotene for Prevention of AMD
Several studies have assessed the ability of dietary supplements containing beta-carotene to prevent the development of AMD. The Alpha-Tocopherol and Beta-Carotene Study (ATBC) and the Physicians' Health Study (PHS) found that people without AMD who used beta-carotene supplements did not have a reduced risk of developing the disease in the future. In fact, the ATBC study found that taking high doses of beta-carotene supplements may increase the risk of lung cancer in current smokers.
Beta-Carotene and Progression of AMD
While there is little evidence to support taking beta-carotene supplements for prevention of AMD, the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (ARED) found that a combination supplement containing 15 mg of beta-carotene, 500 mg of vitamin C, 400 IUs of vitamin E, 80 mg of zinc and 2 mg of copper slowed the progression of intermediate and advanced AMD. This study did not find evidence to support taking AREDs supplements for early-stage disease.
When to Consider Taking Beta-Carotene Supplements
You may want to speak with your physician about taking ARED supplements if you have been diagnosed with AMD and are at high risk of developing advanced AMD.
ARED Side Effects
Side effects associated with AREDs are generally rare and minor, but may include urinary tract problems or slight yellowing of the skin. If you are a current or long-term former smoker, it is important to keep in mind that taking beta-carotene supplements may further increase your risk of developing lung cancer.
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