Chloramphenicol ophthalmic medication is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infection that comes in ointment and eye drop form. Chloramphenicol is effective only against bacterial infections and shouldn't be used if for viral or fungal eye infections, the University of California San Diego reports. As with any medication, side effects can occur with chloramphenicol use; some may be serious.
Mild Side Effects
Chloramphenicol, like many eye drops, can cause mild, transient side effects upon instillation of the drop or ointment. These are not serious and pass quickly. Burning, irritation, redness and stinging immediately after administration may occur rarely. Vision may be blurred for a few minutes; light sensitivity may occur. If the eye feels irritated for more than a few minutes, artificial tear drops can be used. Wait at least five minutes after the drug is instilled before using artificial tears, according to ophthalmologist Rick Wilson, M.D., of Wills Eye Hospital in Philadelphia.
Allergic Side Effects
Every drug, including chloamphenicol, has the potential to cause allergic reactions. Allergic reactions can include swelling of the eyelids or the area around the eye, rash, blistering around the eye, itching and facial swelling. Serious allergic reactions include shortness of breath, wheezing and hives.
Serious Side Effects
Chloramphenicol has very rarely been associated with the development of aplastic anemia and other problems with bone marrow production of blood cells. These problems may develop weeks or even months after the drug is used, Drugs.com states.The World Health Organization reported on two studies that showed a small but increased risk of blood dycrasias, or abnormalities, after chloramphenicol use. People have developed leukemia after using the drug, according to Drugs.com; leukemia developed after aplastic anemia. Signs of blood dyscrasias include pale skin, fatigue, lethargy, sore throat, fever and unusual bruising or bleeding.Seek medical attention if any of these side effects occur after using the drug.
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