Cholesterol and triglycerides are fat particles in the blood. A high level of either substance increases the risk of serious medical problems, including heart attack or stroke. Atorvastatin, manufactured by Pfizer Ireland Pharmaceuticals under the brand name Lipitor and only available with a prescription, works to lower the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. The medication works best when combined with a proper diet and exercise.
Uses
In addition to lowering the cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood, atorvastatin helps reduce the risk of medical problems. Taking this medication may decrease chest pain, heart attack or stroke. When combined with exercise and a diet low in fat, sugar and cholesterol, the medicine works best to help block an enzyme the body uses to make cholesterol, reports Drugs.com.
Availability
Atorvastatin is available in tablet form to swallow by mouth. Dosages available include 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg, according to Pfizer. The tablets are white and elliptical shaped.
Administration
The dosage of atorvastatin varies between patients. The physician determines the best dosage depending on cholesterol levels. The maximum dose for adults is 80 mg each day. Most physicians begin an individual on a low dose of 10 to 20 mg each day and increase the dose as necessary. Drink a full glass of water after taking a dose. It makes no difference in absorption when taking the medication with or without food. Taking atorvastatin with grapefruit juice or while eating grapefruit may increase concentration of the medication in the body, reports the Mayo Clinic.
Precautions
Use caution when beginning atorvastatin -- especially when driving or using heavy machinery -- until the effects of the medication are known. Women who are pregnant or who plan to become pregnant should not use atorvastatin because of possible fetal abnormalities.
Side Effects
Common side effects associated with taking atorvastatin include gastrointestinal distress, such as stomach pain, nausea, constipation and intestinal gas. Headache, dizziness and generalized weakness may also occur after taking the medication. Serious side effects may occur when using atorvastatin and require medical evaluation. Some of the severe side effects include chest pain, yellowing of the skin, flu-like symptoms, bone and joint pain, swelling of the hands or feet and peeling skin. Additional serious side effects include kidney failure and liver failure.
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