Accutane, also known by the generic name isotretinoin, is a modified form of Vitamin A. It is only used to treat severe cystic or nodular acne and works by reducing the amount of oil produced by oil glands in the skin. As with any medication, Accutane has some side effects. Because its side effects are common and may be severe, it is generally not prescribed unless other medications for acne have failed to work.
Birth Defects
Accutane is classified as a pregnancy category X medication. It has been shown to cause severe birth defects in animals and humans and cannot be taken during pregnancy. Women who are of child-bearing age must sign a contract agreeing to practice two forms of birth control while taking Accutane. A negative pregnancy test is required before beginning Accutane and when refilling a prescription.
Skin Changes
Because Accutane affects the secretion of oil in the hair follicles and increases the turnover rate of skin cells, side effects involving the skin and hair are possible. Some patients may experience hair loss, also known as alopecia. Dry skin is also common in areas, including the nose, eyes, mouth and body. Because oil production is reduced, cracking or peeling of the skin is possible as is thinning of the skin layers. Impaired wound healing may also occur, along with increased sun sensitivity. Some patients may develop rashes such as eczema and allergic-type rashes.
Mental Disorders
Accutane may affect the central nervous system. Depression and more serious mental disorders have been reported, including psychosis, suicidal thoughts and behaviors as well as behavioral changes such as increased aggression. In some severe cases, seizures may occur. Any severe psychiatric changes should be reported to a physician.
Stomach Upset
Gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea or stomach upset are common. More severe reactions are possible, including bleeding gums, gastrointestinal bleeding and esophageal ulceration. Inflammation of gastrointestinal organs may result in hepatitis, pancreatitis and colitis. Patients who have decreased liver function, pancreatic disorder or digestive diseases should inform the prescribing physician before taking Accutane.
Heart Palpitations
Accutane may cause side effects involving the heart such as palpitations or rapid heart rate. Some patients may experience dizziness because of these cardiovascular effects. More serious cardiovascular effects may include thrombolytic disease and stroke. Any cardiovascular effects should be reported to a physician.
Hearing and Vision Loss
Accutane is a Vitamin A analog, which may cause problems with hearing and vision. Hearing loss or ringing of the ears may result from Accutane use. Accutane has also been shown to increase the risk of cataracts or other corneal opacities. It may also result in changes in vision such as reduced night vision or changes in how colors are perceived.
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