Affecting millions of Americans, lymphedema is a condition in which a clear fluid known as lymphatic fluid builds up in the soft tissues of the body and produces swelling. This swelling most often affects arms or legs and is caused by damage to the lymphatic system. Weight gain and high cholesterol contribute to the onset of lymphedema or may exacerbate symptoms in already existing lymphedema. A balanced healthy diet including whole grains, fish, fruits and vegetables and avoiding fatty foods, or those with high cholesterol will greatly reduce risk factors associated with lymphedema.
Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system consists of a network of lymph vessels that collect water, protein, white blood cells and other substances throughout the body. These substances, also known as lymphatic loads, travel through lymph nodes, where impurities and harmful substances are filtered out before the lymphatic fluid returns back into the blood stream. The lymphatic system plays an integral part in the body's immune defense and fluid management.
Causes of Lymphedema
Lymphedema occurs if lymph nodes are removed or lymph vessels are damaged or impaired. If the damage to the lymphatic system is so severe that it is unable to remove enough lymph fluid from the tissues of the damaged area, the excess fluid builds up and causes swelling. The highest incidence of lymphedema in the United States is observed following breast cancer surgery, including the removal and/or radiation of axillary lymph nodes.
Signs of Lymphedema
Anyone who underwent breast cancer surgery or any other surgical procedure involving the lymphatic system is at risk of developing lymphedema, which may occur immediately following the surgery, or months and years after the procedure. Early signs of lymphedema include heaviness of the limb, tight fitting rings or shoes, less flexibility, or infections in the extremity. A number of factors may contribute to the onset of lymphedema, or worsen existing symptoms, such as high levels of cholesterol or obesity. According to the National Cancer Institute, being overweight or obese may predispose women to developing lymphedema following breast cancer treatment.
"Good" and "Bad" Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a fatty substance which is produced by the liver and found in food with a high content of saturated fat, such as meat, eggs and dairy products. Cholesterol has gotten somewhat of a bad name. However, the amount of fat eaten is not really linked with disease--it is the kind of fat which is consumed. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) consists of saturated and trans fats. LDL, also known as "bad" cholesterol may stick to the inside wall of arteries and increase the risk of coronary diseases. The "good" fats, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) lower the risk of disease.
Role of Cholesterol
There is no special diet for lymphedema. An accepted approach is to follow a nutrient-rich, low-salt, low-fat diet, which contributes positively to weight control. Eating too many saturated fats can raise the level of "bad" cholesterol and contribute to obesity. A recent study conducted by the University of Missouri shows that the risk of developing lymphedema following breast cancer surgery is 40 to 60 percent higher in overweight or obese women compared to women with normal weight. Obesity in existing lymphedema may exacerbate the swelling and limit mobility.
Preventing High Cholesterol Levels
Diet, weight, physical activity and the use of tobacco smoke all have an effect on the cholesterol level in the blood. In order to prevent high levels of "bad" cholesterol (LDL) and increase the level of "good" cholesterol (HDL), it is important to exercise regularly, quit smoking and avoid foods high in saturated fats. The American Heart Association suggests limiting the daily intake of cholesterol from food to 300mg. A healthy diet should include vegetables, fruit, high-fiber foods, lean meats and poultry, fish and fat-free dairy products. For some people, these measures may not be enough to reach healthy cholesterol levels, and additional medication may be necessary. Blood cholesterol levels should be checked regularly by a health care professional.
