The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that up to 4.1 percent of American adults are affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a mental illness characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. ADHD usually starts in childhood and lasts through adulthood. ADHD typically responds well to consistent treatment once symptoms are identified. The American Psychiatric Association has identified five common categories of symptoms.
Inattentiveness or Hyperactive/Impulsivity
The first criterion states that you must exhibit six or more behaviors for at least six months that are considered inattentive or hyperactive/impulsive. You might experience some of the following inattentive behaviors: lack of attention, making careless mistakes, difficulty concentrating or listening when being spoken to, failing to complete assigned tasks at work or school, extreme disorganization, avoidance of tasks that require concentration, memory loss, losing things regularly or becoming easily distractable or forgetful. Examples of hyperactive behaviors include fidgeting, restlessness, difficulty sleeping or resting, being constantly on the go or talking excessively. Unexpected interruptions, impatience and unpredictability are examples of impulsive behavior.
Age of Onset
The second standard is aimed at determining the age of onset. For children, symptoms of ADHD must be present or have caused impairment prior to age 7. Adults may have experienced symptoms as a child and have had the symptoms return later in life. Think about your the inattentive, hyperactive or impulsive thoughts or behaviors you have experienced from your childhood to the present. Make a list and discuss them with your doctor. This will help him to better understand how your symptoms play out in your life.
Impairment in Multiple Settings
This criterion requires that these behaviors cause impairment in two or more settings to rule out any environment-specific behaviors. Think about the symptoms you listed previously; where do these behaviors occur? Discuss the settings (e.g., home, work or school) with your doctor.
Confirmation of Impairment
The fourth criterion requires a confirmation that the identified symptoms are actually causing impairment. Explain how your thoughts or behaviors affect your ability to function at home, work or school. You might also interview family and friends to get their perspectives.
Diagnostic Distinction
The final criterion requires the clinician to test for the following disorders to rule them out as the potential cause for behavior: pervasive developmental disorder, schizophrenia, a general mood disorder, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, personality disorder or other psychotic disorder. If you have been previously diagnosed with any of these disorders, let your doctor know. If not, your doctor will make an assessment by asking you questions about your thoughts or behaviors as they relate to these disorders. This is extremely important for your doctor to be able to make a proper diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
