The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regards fish oil as a GRAS (generally recognized as safe) dietary supplement. Unlike many nutritional supplements, fish oil is associated with very few risks and several universal benefits. Nevertheless, the overuse of fish oil can cause complications ranging from mild to severe. People with certain medical conditions should consult a practitioner before taking large doses of fish oil over a long period of time.
Gastrointestinal Problems
According to Medline Plus, a service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), gastrointestinal complaints are fairly common among fish oil users. Fish oil may cause diarrhea, reflux or an unpleasant aftertaste; however, these side effects can be mitigated through the use of enteric-coated capsules. These problems generaly self-resolve with continued use of the supplement.
Bleeding Risk
According to the NIH, in extremely large amounts, fish oil supplements slightly increase the risk of a hemorrhagic stroke or other bleeding episode. This risk may be more likely in people taking warfarin or other anticoagulant drugs. The NIH note sthat this risk is minimal in people taking moderate doses of fish oil.
Blood Pressure Reduction
Fish oil is effective in slightly reducing a person's blood pressure; this makes it a popular choice for people with hypertension and other forms of cardiovascular disease. However, when fish oil is used in extremely large amounts alongside drugs that lower blood pressure, it may cause an unsafe drop in blood pressure.
Vitamin E Deficiency
Taken over a very long period of time, fish oil may cause a deficiency in vitamin E. The NIH states that many fish oil manufacturers fortify their products with this important nutrient to prevent this complication. Because vitamin E is fat-soluble, it is highly absorbable when it is combined with lipids like fish oil.
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