Alcohol abuse occurs when drinking becomes habitual and patterned, leading to an increased inability to maintain daily obligations, an increased probability of engaging in dangerous behavior that might lead to legal problems, and problems in close relationships. Long-term abuse of alcohol can lead to physiological and psychological dependence, and can cause a host of health issues.
Physical Effects
Long-term alcohol abuse can impact the body in a variety of ways. Alcohol limits the digestive system from converting and transporting essential nutrients to the cells, and when absorption does not occur properly, various organ systems can begin to malfunction. The most critical health problems that can develop from long-term alcohol abuse are any of the three forms of liver disease: fatty liver, hepatitis C or cirrhosis. Abuse can also lead to heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, cancer and pancreatitis. These conditions can ultimately lead to death.
Psychological Effects
Long-term alcohol abuse can lead to cognitive deficits and, in the worst case scenario, the development of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. This syndrome attacks the brain and leads to memory loss, story confabulation, hallucinations and confusion due to alcohol use impeding the absorption of the essential vitamin thiamine. Depression can also result from long-term alcohol abuse and, in severe cases, can lead to suicidal thoughts and attempts. Sexual dysfunctions such as erectile dysfunction in men and frigidity in women are another effect of abuse, and can be exacerbated when depression is present.
Relationship Effects
Long-term alcohol abuse is associated with increased family violence and marital conflict. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, alcohol abuse is reported to influence financial strains, distance in partnership and personality changes that lead to increased arguments amongst partners. Additionally, alcohol use becomes the priority of the habitual drinker, further isolating him from social events with family and friends.
