Obesity is a severe health problem in the United States. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the prevalence of children who are obese has doubled. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) estimated 23.4 million children are overweight and obese. Children who are obese are more likely to become obese adults and are at high risk for developing health problems.
What is Obesity?
In children ages 2 and older, obesity is evaluated by using the Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI is a measure of height and weight. The index defines overweight as being greater than the 85th percentile, but less than the 95th percentile. Obesity is defined as being greater than the 95th percentile.
Causes
Obesity is a direct result of excess caloric intake and reduced activity and metabolism. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), genetics may play a small role in obesity, but the risk is not significant enough to account for substantial increase in weight. Major contributing factors include increased calorie consumption, reduced physical activity, sedentary lifestyles, family history, high-stress living, low self-esteem and emotional turmoil.
Health Risks
Obese children are at risk for several health problems. They have a higher chance of developing Type 2 Diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, all of which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. If obesity persists, depression, sleep apnea, asthma, hepatic steatosis and orthopedic problems may develop.
Environment
The living situation of a child can influence food intake and physical activity. According to the CDC, approximately 80% of children aged 5 and younger with working mothers are in child care. This can have an impact on a child's relationship with food and activity. In addition, schools can help teach children to implement good nutrition habits and increase participation in physical activity.
Prevention
Obesity can be prevented with the use of appropriate resources and nutrition knowledge. Portion control, increased physical activity, reduced screen time (television, computer and video games), regular family meal time and eating out less are all steps to good health. Contacting a health professional such as a pediatrician or registered dietitian can create an important partnership in obesity prevention.
Member Comments