The eyes are important structures made up of the eyelid, the iris (colored part of the eye), sclera (white part of the eye), cornea (thin tissue layer over the iris) and retina (tissues toward the back of the eye). Sometimes, certain underlying medical problems can lead to a swollen eye. Fortunately, the causes of swollen eyelids can be managed effectively.
Blepharitis
MedlinePlus says blepharitis refers to an inflammation of the eyelash follicles. Specific symptoms of blepharitis include swollen eyelids, crusty or reddened skin, itching and burning of the eyelids. This condition also leads to a loss of eyelashes and a sensation that dust or sand is in the eye.
A bacterial infection or a medical problem known as seborrheic dermatitis (a type of inflammatory skin disease) typically causes blepharitis. Lice and allergies can also lead to blepharitis.
Cleaning the eyelids daily with baby shampoo or a specific cleanser can help treat blepharitis. Sometimes an antibiotic ointment may be given to reduce bacteria on the eyelids.
Orbital Cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis refers to an infection that affects the tissues of the cheek, eyelids, eyebrow and eye, MedlinePlus says. Specific symptoms of orbital cellulitis include swelling of the lower and upper eyelids, eyelid pain, a fever of 102 degrees F or higher and reduced vision. This medical problem also causes fatigue, painful eye movements and a purple, red or shiny eyelid.
The bacteria Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia and beta hemolytic streptococci are also causes of beta-hemolytic streptococci. A bug bite or an eye injury can also lead to orbital cellulitis.
Treatment for orbital cellulitis includes receiving intravenous (through the vein) antibiotic treatment. Sometimes surgery may be necessary if an abscess (collection of pus) forms.
Eye Injuries
Eye injuries can also lead to swollen eyelids. The Merck Manual, a collection of online medical information for medical professionals, says eye injuries can lead to eyelid or eye swelling, bruising and visual problems. Vision can become blurry, or vision may be completely lost depending upon the extent of the eye injury.
Eye injuries are typically due to sports injuries, assault and car accidents. Sometimes there can be a blunt injury to the eye. For example, a person with a black eye can leak blood into the eyelid, which may lead to swelling and bruising. Applying ice to the affected eye and taking over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen can be beneficial.
