That painful, scratchy and irritating feeling in the throat can be a sign of an underlying medical problem. In fact, an infection can infiltrate the moist mucosal regions of the throat and wreak havoc on the body. Fortunately, the causes of a sore throat have specific treatment options.
Strep Throat
Strep throat refers to an infection that is associated with such symptoms as a sore throat, trouble swallowing, a fever and a headache. A strep throat can also lead to red or swollen tonsils, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, vomiting and stomach pain, says the Mayo Clinic.
The Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria is the culprit for causing the sore throat. In fact, this bacteria is very contagious and can spread between individuals through coughing, sneezing and laughing because saliva droplets can spread. The next victim who inhales these droplets can develop strep throat. Sometimes, touching a contaminated surface can also lead to strep throat.
Treatment for strep throat involves taking antibiotics such as clindamycin, azithromycin or cephalosporin to destroy the bacteria causing the aforementioned symptoms. Also, over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be taken to relieve pain.
Tonsillitis
MedlinePlus says that tonsillitis refers to an inflammation of the tonsils. Specific symptoms of tonsillitis include a sore throat that can persist for more than two days, trouble swallowing and a loss of the voice. This condition can also cause ear pain, fever, chills, a headache, changes in the voice or jaw and throat tenderness.
Bacteria and viruses can actually infiltrate the tonsils and lead to severe swelling and inflammation. This inflammation can also involve the back part of the throat called the pharynx.
Antibiotic medications are used to destroy the bacteria that may be causing tonsillitis. Also, simply resting and drinking warm or cold fluids can help with the sore throat. Over-the-counter medications can also be given to decrease the pain. Frequent bouts of tonsillitis may be an indication for a tonsillectomy, or removal of the tonsils.
Mononucleosis
Mononucleosis is another contagious infection characterized by symptoms such as a sore throat, night sweats and fatigue, says FamilyDoctor.org of the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). Other mononucleosis symptoms include a fever, weakness, swollen glands under the arms and in the neck, and a poor appetite.
The Epstein-Barr virus is to blame for causing mononucleosis. This medical problem is spread through mucus and saliva and is commonly known as the "kissing disease."
Treatment for mononucleosis is fairly conservative. It involves resting, drinking fluids and taking over-the-counter ibuprofen. Gargling with salt water can help with the sore throat.
