Cholesterol is a type of fat found in the bloodstream. The body creates and uses it to function properly. Cholesterol is also found in certain foods. Increased intake of these foods can lead to hypercholesterolemia, a contributing factor to heart disease. There are several types of cholesterol, but the main two are high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein.
Low-density Lipoprotein
LDL cholesterol makes up the majority of cholesterol in the body. It travels through the blood and builds up plaque in the arteries leading to the heart and brain. The American Heart Association states that plaque buildup can lead to atherosclerosis and increased risk for clots, which could result in a heart attack or stroke. Ideal levels are less than 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). LDL is considered to be borderline high between 130 to 159 mg/dL, high between 160 to 189 mg/dL and very high at 190mg/dL or greater.
High-density Lipoprotein
HDL cholesterol is also known as good cholesterol. HDL helps to move cholesterol from the arteries to the liver, where it is processed and passes through the body. According to the American Heart Association, high levels of HDL cholesterol are thought to be protective against heart disease. Optimal levels of HDL are 60mg/dL or higher. Low levels are less than 40mg/dL in men and less than 50mg/dL in women.
Total Cholesterol
The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommends that total cholesterol be less than 200 mg/dL. Total cholesterol between 200 and 239mg/dL is considered to be borderline high. Levels of 240 or greater are considered to be high risk. Regardless of total cholesterol level, it is important to eat a heart-healthful diet, live an active lifestyle and avoid smoking.
Testing for Cholesterol
A simple blood test is taken to determine cholesterol levels. Doctors may recommend a fasting period before the sample being drawn. LDL levels are sensitive to food consumption. Test results depict cholesterol levels in milligrams per deciliter. A doctor will assess total cholesterol, LDL and HDL along with other risk factors such as age and lifestyle to determine a person's level of risk for cardiovascular complications.
Prevention
Diet plays a big role in cholesterol reduction. Cholesterol is found primarily in animal products such as meat and whole milk dairy products. Following a heart-healthful diet that is high in whole grains, fruits and vegetables can result in reduced levels. In addition, NCEP recommends 30 minutes of physical activity most days to reduce LDL cholesterol levels and increase HDL levels. Finally, maintaining a healthful weight and avoiding tobacco smoke will aid in cholesterol reduction.
