Blood pressure is the force put on blood vessels by blood. Pressure is affected by the size of the arteries, the volume of blood, the force on the blood vessel walls, emotions and stress. There are two numbers when measuring blood pressure. The top number is systolic pressure, the pressure while the heart is contracting. The bottom number is the diastolic pressure, the pressure while the heart is relaxed.
Testing for Blood Pressure
Typically, blood pressure is measured while sitting, with the arm resting. A cuff is placed on the upper arm and a stethoscope is placed underneath. The clinician uses the attached pump to inflate the cuff and determine the blood pressure reading. The clinician reads the pressure by listening and watching the sphygmomanometer, which gauges the systolic and diastolic pressure. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm/Hg).
Low Blood Pressure
According to the American Heart Association, blood pressure less than 120/80 is considered normal. There is no lower limit to blood pressure unless symptoms persist. Indications of a problem include dizziness, fainting, nausea, fatigue, dehydration and shortness of breath. Although low blood pressure is usually normal, it could be a sign of an underlying medical condition. If symptoms persist, it is important to contact a health care professional.
High Blood Pressure Risks
High blood pressure is also called hypertension. As blood pressure rises, the force exerted on blood vessel walls increases. This results in weakening of the vessel walls. Cardiovascular risks include plaque build-up and increased risk of blood clots, which raise the chance of heart attack or stroke.
High Blood Pressure Numbers
There are several categories of blood pressure to determine the level of hypertension. Prehypertension is when systolic pressure ranges from 120 to 139 or diastolic is between 80 and 89. Stage 1 hypertension is denoted if systolic pressure ranges from 140 to 159 or diastolic pressure is between 90 and 99. In stage 2 hypertension, systolic pressure is greater than 160 or diastolic pressure is greater than 100. If systolic pressure is over 180 or diastolic pressure is over 110, it is considered a hypertensive crisis and medical care should be administered immediately.
Preventing High Blood Pressure
Following a heart-healthy lifestyle can reduce and prevent high blood pressure. In addition, it can lower the risk of heart disease, heart attack, kidney disease and stroke. A heart-healthy diet is rich in whole grains, lean meats, fish, fruits and vegetables and low in sodium and saturated and trans fats. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco smoke. In addition, physical activity aids in blood pressure control. Exercising for 30 minutes most days will help maintain a healthy weight, decrease stress and increase cardiovascular health.
