ADHD, commonly referred to as Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic, neurological condition that affects millions of children each year. It is characterized by specific symptoms which are broken down into three categories, or types: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. To be diagnosed, a child must display one or more of these symptom types between the ages of six months and seven years of age.
Inattention
A child who displays the signs of inattention typically makes senseless mistakes on his school work due to lack of attention to detail. When spoken to directly he does not appear to listen, as he often does not respond.
Organizing is difficult for him, whether it be his school work or the time he needs to complete a given task. It is common for a child with this type of ADHD to go back and forth from task to task, making it difficult for him to complete any one project.
His ability to concentrate is hindered, especially when surrounded by distracting noises or activities; this results in him avoiding projects that require focusing or concentration. Teachers and parents may also find that he is unable to maintain his attention long enough while playing a game or being read to, and his tendency to forget results in losing items he may need, whether it be at home or school.
Hyperactivity
In some cases, impulsivity and hyperactivity are combined as one type or symptom. However they each have their own signs and affect every child in various ways. A child can display signs of hyperactivity without presenting signs of impulsiveness.
A child who suffers from hyperactivity has a difficult time sitting still, and will often squirm or fidget in her chair, according to HelpGuide. She will also be on the go constantly, never appearing tired by all of her activity. This applies to her speech as much as her physical activity; she will usually talk non-stop and at a speed that can make her difficult to understand or keep up with.
All of this movement usually leads to inappropriate actions, such as climbing items she shouldn't or moving from her assigned seat during story time. At home, she may move from the dinner table multiple times while she is eating, requiring constant redirection from her parents. When forced to sit still, some part of her body will still be moving; she may bounce her leg, tap her fingers or kick her foot against her chair.
Impulsivity
Impulsivity can not only be dangerous for a child with ADHD, it can also be embarrassing for his parents. This is a type of ADHD that hinders self-control. Not only will he have a tendency to interrupt conversations on a regular basis, he also tells people what he thinks, many times without tact. He may also ask personal questions that can offend the person he is asking.
In school, he will simply answer questions without waiting to be called on. When playing games, he does not like to wait his turn and usually will not. This can erupt into fighting and disciplinary problems.
Impulsivity is also linked to emotional outbursts, whether they be anger, aggression, frustration or tears. This leads many to stereotype him as being disrespectful, rude or strange.
