The black widow spider has found her way into American culture as a symbol of danger. However, this shy, unassuming shiny black spider with the red hourglass on her belly only bites when disturbed. Her bite can be lethal, though, and warrants immediate medical attention. Only the female of the species bites; she injects a neurotoxin that can paralyze muscles. Symptoms of a black widow bite come from the neurotoxin. Fortunately, an effective anti-venom is available.
Immediate Effects
A black widow bite often causes an immediate, painful reaction, with burning and redness. Two small puncture spots may be seen on the skin; the skin around them may be slightly swollen. In some cases, the bite isn't felt at all. Pain at the injection site intensifies over the first three hours, then moves from the puncture site and is felt in the back and abdomen.
Abdominal and Muscle Effects
Abdominal cramping may be severe; nausea and vomiting are common. Muscles in the chest, back, abdomen and shoulders and extremities may be very rigid. Paralysis of the arms and legs can occur.
Respiratory Effects
People who've been bitten by a black widow spider may have a hard time breathing. This can lead to asphyxiation and death within 12 to 32 hours in rare cases, according to Iowa State University. Children, those in poor health and older people are more likely to die from a black widow bite than younger people in good health.
Other Effects
Systemic effects of a black widow bite include fever, sweating, feelings of apprehension, shaking and high blood pressure. A black widow bite can cause swelling around the eye, increased salivation and eye watering. Generalized rash and itching may also be present.
