Abuse in relationships occurs in a variety of forms, including physical abuse, emotional abuse and sexual abuse. Signs of abuse may be visible to an outsider including obvious bruises or welts; or more subtle in the cases of emotional or sexual abuse. Abusive relationships are difficult to leave due to the abuser's level of control and power over and manipulation of the victim. Perpetrators of abuse will often restrict access to finances, isolate the victim from family and friends and threaten to harm the victim if she leaves. Victims of abuse in relationships have difficulties leaving due to fear of retaliation and escalated abuse.
Physical Abuse
Inflicting harm on a victim that results in bodily injury is physical abuse. Kicking, hitting, pushing or punching are all considered abuse. Symptoms of physical abuse include bruises, welts, fractures, scars, lacerations and abrasions noticeable on the victim. Victims may attempt to hide injuries under clothing or makeup in addition to making up stories about how they suffered the injuries. Frequent visits to hospital emergency rooms for multiple accidents are symptomatic of physical abuse. Death may occur as a result in some cases of extreme physical abuse.
Emotional Abuse
Brainwashing, manipulating and controlling a significant other results in a chronic maladaptive pattern of emotional abuse. Emotional abusers inflict insults, blame, shame and humiliation on the victim. Symptoms apparent in the victims of emotional abuse include low self-esteem, feelings of worthlessness, lack of confidence, anxiety, depression and fear. Emotional abuse is difficult to detect; however, it causes long-lasting psychological damage in victims.
Sexual Abuse
Forcing a significant other to have non-consensual intercourse or other sex acts is sexual abuse. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, over two-thirds of violent sex acts and rape of women is provoked by a domestic partner. Sexual abuse is more likely to occur in relationships with elements of physical violence and emotional abuse. Symptoms of sexual abuse include frequent absences from work or school; genital injuries; torn, stained or bloodied underclothes; bite marks; fear; unwanted pregnancy; sexually transmitted disease; and stress-related health problems.
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