Attention deficit disorder (ADD) is more commonly known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as of 2010. It affects up to 5 percent of American kids, according to MedlinePlus. The symptoms of the disorder may include inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that can be common in many children. In ADHD, however, these symptoms persist for six or more months. The cause of ADHD is unknown, but it tends to run in families. Treatment for children with ADHD is "multi-modal," comprised of medication, psychosocial therapy and lifestyle adjustments.
Medication
Typically, stimulant or psycho-stimulant medication is prescribed to treat symptoms of ADHD. Examples include Ritalin and Adderall. Both drugs are thought to improve symptoms by altering the amounts of brain chemicals, but their effects are short-term. Because of the nature of stimulant drugs, a major problem with use in children is that sleep patterns may be affected. Moreover, a loss of appetite accompanied by weight loss may occur. The Mayo Clinic notes that initially, or until the best dose for the child is found, the child may experience muscle tics and jerking movements. If stimulants prove ineffective, non-stimulant drugs, such as Strattera, may be prescribed. Strattera also has an antianxiety component that can further benefit children with ADHD.
Psychosocial Therapy
Psychosocial, or behavior, therapy is an essential part of ADHD treatment, and its effectiveness is scientifically supported. In fact, the National Resource Center on ADHD recommends starting therapy as soon as a diagnosis is made. The approach of this type of therapy is to educate children with ADHD, as well as their parents and teachers, on how to interact with one another. Adults learn to identify problem behaviors that result from ADHD symptoms and develop skills to intervene and change those behaviors. The Mayo Clinic lists other types of therapy that may also benefit children. These include psychotherapy, family therapy and social skills training.
Alternative Medicine
Although medication and psychosocial treatments are the most extensively researched for managing ADHD, lifestyle changes and alternative therapies may alleviate ADHD symptoms to some extent. The Mayo Clinic explains that simple adjustments to the home environment, such as keeping a routine schedule for meals, homework and bedtime, can have a calming effect on children. Also, engaging children in projects and activities can help reduce hyperactivity and teach discipline. The Mayo Clinic suggests that yoga and diets free of sugar, caffeine and allergens, such as wheat, may help symptoms of ADHD. The National Resource Center on ADHD advises parents to consult with physicians before undertaking alternative methods.
