Diabetes is a metabolism disorder. In people with diabetes, the pancreas either does not produce enough insulin or the cells do not respond to insulin. This results in excess glucose in the blood stream, which overflows into urine leaving the body without enough glucose for energy. There are two main types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2, both of which exhibit the same main symptoms. However, type 2 diabetes develops overtime and some people may be asymptomatic.
Frequent Urination
In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, which results in excess glucose in the blood stream. The body copes by passing glucose through the urine. This results in increased urination throughout the day. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas develops insulin resistance. The rise in blood sugar occurs over time, making the increase in urination less obvious.
Excessive Thirst
The buildup of glucose in the bloodstream results in fluid being pulled from the tissues. This, along with frequent urination, causes increased thirst.
Fatigue
Without insulin, the body is unable to utilize glucose for energy. This results in muscle breakdown. Excessive sleeping and unexplained fatigue are signs of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Sweet Smelling Urine
The breakdown of fat and muscle creates a substance known as ketones. Ketones exhibit a sweet fruity smell in both the breath and urine. They can be detected in a routine urine test.
Blurred Vision
Hyperglycemia causes fluid to drain from tissues of the body. The eyes can be affected, making it difficult to see clearly. If left untreated, eye-related complications from diabetes include cataracts, retinopathy and blindness.
Increased Appetite and Weight Loss
In diabetes, the body is unable to utilize glucose properly resulting in the breakdown of muscle and fat from organs for basic energy needs. This triggers hunger. However, even with increased food intake, blood glucose remains elevated and can result in weight loss as the body looks for alternative fuel sources. Weight loss tends to be more noticeable in type 1 diabetes.
