Ambien, the brand name for the generic medication zolpidem, is a sedative hypnotic drug used for the short-term treatment of insomnia. Ambien comes in both a fast release formulation in 5mg and 10mg capsules, as well as Ambien CR, a controlled-release formulation in 6.25mg strength. As with any medication, some users of Ambien may experience side effects.
Daytime Drowsiness
According to the manufacturer of Ambien, Sanofi-Aventis, during short-term treatment of less than three weeks, up to 2 percent of patients reported the side effect of daytime drowsiness. In patients receiving Ambien for longer periods of up to six months, daytime drowsiness did not appear to be a statistically significant problem.
Headache
In a study conducted by Sanofi-Aventis of 685 patients receiving Ambien, seven patients reported the side effect of headache. In a separate study of 1,701 patients being treated with Ambien, 0.4 percent reported headache which resulted in discontinuation of the medication.
Dizziness
According to Sanofi-Aventis, in multiple studies of both short-term treatment of less than three weeks and long-term use of less than six months, Ambien has shown to result in the side effect of dizziness or vertigo. This side effect may occur in approximately 0.5 percent to 1 percent of short-term users of Ambien, while longer usage may increase the occurrence to a possible 5 percent and may require discontinuation.
Foggy Thinking
"Foggy thinking," including drugged or lightheaded feelings, were reported in five out of 152 patients receiving Ambien. This side effect may be one that the user does not become accustomed to and may eventually result in discontinuation of the medication.
Stomach Upset
Gastrointestinal side effects including diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain and constipation have been reported. Diarrhea appears to be the most common gastrointestinal complaint, while nausea and vomiting are more likely to result in discontinuation.
Abnormal Behavior
Though rare, abnormal behavior such as aggression and suicidal behaviors have been reported. Other patients have experienced both auditory and visual hallucinations. Ambien has also been much publicized for the rare occurrence of "sleep-driving" and the performance of other activities after taking the medication. These behaviors can often be dangerous and may not be remembered in the morning. In 2007, the FDA required Sanofi-Aventis to include warnings of behavioral changes in labeling and patient information of Ambien.
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