1. Multi-Phase Diagnosis Required
Autism is a spectrum disorder meaning no two individuals with it are quite alike. However, in order for someone to be diagnosed with autism they must show delays in communication, have difficulty socializing with others and display unusual behaviors. Diagnosis usually occurs in two phases: 1) developmental screenings performed by the family pediatrician during regular checkups and 2) a comprehensive evaluation performed by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals ranging from (but not limited to) speech therapists, psychiatrists and occupational therapists.
2. Unable to Communicate
A person with autism may use the same word repeatedly, have trouble initiating or sustaining a conversation or never develop spoken language at all. In addition they usually have problems expressing their needs, are concrete (or literal) minded and may not understand the motives of others. Finally, they have major difficulties with pragmatic language such as taking turns in a conversation, humor, body language and slang terms.
3. Displays Unusual Behaviors
People with autism may appear unemotional and in their "own little world" or they may seem to fly around recklessly without any rhyme or reason to their actions. They may show extreme sensitivity to certain sensory sensations (sounds, sights, smells, tastes, textures or movements) or follow the same routine repeatedly. Since autism is probably the result of abnormal brain functioning, such behaviors are an attempt to make sense out of their confusing surroundings. Behavioral Therapy and/or Sensory Integration Therapies can decrease such destructive behaviors, leading to improved overall functioning in daily living skills.
4. Socially Left Out
Social skills are very difficult to grasp for a person with autism. They may stand inches from you during a conversation, obsess about a particular topic or avoid human contact altogether. A child with autism usually spends much of their time performing seemingly random acts such as flapping their hands, spinning toy car wheels or wandering from place to place. Such actions make it nearly impossible to form any strong or lasting relationships with others.
5. Watch Out for Regression in Skills
Childhood development should occur in a steady progression of skills. Therefore, if a child suddenly loses their ability to say words, play with others, use their hands or act appropriately, their pediatrician should check them. While there is no current cure for autism, early intervention can help reverse the process of this baffling disorder.
