The causes of preeclampsia (pregnancy induced hypertension) are not completely understood, says the March of Dimes. Treatment methods for hypertension during pregnancy vary on the overall health of the patient, gestational age and severity of hypertension. Symptoms of hypertension in pregnancy may include headache, changes in vision, upper-right abdominal pain, abrupt weight gain and swelling of the hands and face. Common treatment methods include methyldopa, labetalol, nifedipine and magnesium sulfate.
Methyldopa
Methyldopa (Aldomet), a drug used to treat pregnancy-induced hypertension, belongs to a classification of drugs known as anti-hypertensives. This drug is considered a safe choice because it does not alter cardiac blood flow to the kidneys or the fetus. Side effects of methyldopa may include drowsiness, headache, muscle weakness and swelling of the feet or ankles. Do not stop taking methyldopa abruptly; it may cause an unsafe fluctuation in your blood pressure.
Labetalol
Labetalol works by affecting the body's response to nerve impulses within the heart. This causes the heart to beat slower and therefore lowers systemic blood pressure. This medication can be taken at home in pill form. Dizziness, tiredness and headache are possible side effects of labetalol.
Nifedipine
Nifedipine (Procardia) is in a classification of drugs called calcium-channel blockers. It works by relaxing the blood vessels so the heart does not have to pump as hard. Nifedipine increases the heart's supply of oxygen and blood. This drug is considered safe for use during pregnancy. Side effects may include headache, nausea, dizziness and flushing.
Magnesium Sulfate
If your preeclampsia is severe, your doctor may prescribe an anticonvulsive medication, such as magnesium sulfate, to prevent a first seizure, reports the Mayo Clinic. Magnesium sulfate works by helping to prevent the occurrence of seizures in women who are preeclamptic. This medication is given intravenously under close supervision. A concern while taking magnesium sulfate is developing toxicity of the drug. Blood pressure, deep tendon reflexes and mental status will be closely monitored. Side effects include headache, blurred vision and dizziness.
