Coronary artery disease occurs when blood supply to the heart is limited. This limitation is usually due to plaque in the lining of the coronary arteries. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute explains that this plaque contains cholesterol, fat and other substances. When this plaque limits blood flow through the arteries that feed the heart, the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen and nutrients to meet its demands. Coronary artery disease is often called heart disease; the U.S. National Library of Medicine reports that it is the number one cause of death in the United States. Many cases of coronary artery disease can be avoided by taking preventive measures.
Control Cholesterol and Triglycerides
Healthy cholesterol and triglyceride levels are correlated with a lowered risk of heart disease. The American Heart Association recommends a total cholesterol level of less than 200 milligrams/deciliter, an LDL level of less than 100 milligrams/deciliter, an HDL level of 60 milligrams/deciliter or above and a triglyceride level of less than 150 milligrams/deciliter. These healthy levels should be obtained through medication if a healthy diet does not produce them. Have your cholesterol levels checked yearly or as your physician recommends.
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Maintain a healthy body weight to lower your risk of coronary artery disease. Weight is tied to a healthy body mass index (BMI). Strive for a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9. Obesity--indicated by a BMI of 30 or more--greatly increases your risk of heart disease.
Control Your Blood Pressure
The U.S. National Library of Medicine recommends that you keep your blood pressure under control for the sake of your heart. Have your blood pressure checked yearly or as your physician recommends. Strive to keep your pressure below 140/90; levels above that are considered hypertension. If lifestyle changes do not keep your blood pressure under control, take medication as prescribed. Let your doctor know if you feel that you have periods of stopped breathing during your sleep, as this greatly increases your risk for hypertension and heart problems.
Stay Active
Regular physical activity reduces your risk of heart disease. This can be planned exercise, such as a gym workout or a jog, or it can involve activities such as leaf-raking or walking to errands. Being active for a half hour a day is helpful, while staying active for an hour on most days of the week is ideal for most children and adults. Activities that make you sweat are best.
Avoid Smoking
Avoid smoking cigarettes and breathing smoke. All forms of tobacco use are harmful.
Eat a Healthy Diet
To help prevent heart disease, eat a healthy diet with low levels of saturated fat and no trans fat. Increase your intake of fruits, vegetables and soluble fiber. This type of fiber can be found in beans and oats.
Keep Your Blood Sugar Under Control
Maintain a healthy blood sugar. If you do not have diabetes, have your blood sugar checked yearly. If you have metabolic syndrome or diabetes, monitor your blood sugar as your physician recommends, maintain a proper diet and take insulin or oral medications if prescribed.
Reduce Stress and Anger
Lowering your stress levels and learning to manage anger can reduce your risk of heart disease. Eliminate stressors from your life and take steps to keep stress under control. Yoga and meditation are helpful for some, while others benefit from spending time in nature or engaging in sports. Take an anger management course if needed.
Moderate Your Alcohol Consumption
To reduce your risk of coronary artery disease, limit your alcohol use. Men should consume no more than two alcoholic drinks per day and women should consume no more than one for optimal heart health.
