Asperger's disorder is a developmental disorder on the autism spectrum. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Asperger's is typically first diagnosed in children. In contrast to those with autism disorder, patients with Asperger's usually acquire language skills normally, develop appropriately in cognitive abilities and tend to have higher-than-average verbal skills. The most significant feature of Asperger's disorder is the inability to interact appropriately on a social basis. If untreated, many difficulties can continue into adulthood.
Speech Patterns
A feature of Asperger's disorder is impaired speech. The person with this disorder may speak in a monotone voice or may speak too loudly and out of place. He may interpret everyday phrases literally. The commonly used phrase "break a leg" will be taken literally to injure one's self. Subtle humor or sarcasm may not be understood or may be misinterpreted. Some individuals display highly developed vocabulary, often sounding overly formal and stilted.
Social Interactions
The inability to interact socially and appropriately with others is a hallmark feature of Asperger's syndrome. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), a person with the disorder lacks the ability to display appropriate non-verbal behaviors, such as eye contact, facial expressions, body postures and gestures. She may have difficulties in initiating and maintaining friendships because of inappropriate social behaviors. Focusing on a single topic in conversation to the exclusion of all else is also a common trait. She may appear rude or obnoxious to others and at times is left out of social encounters.
Preoccupations and Obsessions
One of the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV for Asperger's disorder is an "encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus." An adult with the disorder may obsessively latch on to a single hobby or area of interest, often memorizing facts to the smallest detail. Some individuals are successful in their work environment because of their attention to detail and ability to retain information. An inability to be flexible or to deal with changes in routine is also a trait. An adult with the disorder may have difficulties in his home life, often demanding little or no change in routines or schedules.
Prognosis
According to the DSM-IV, Asperger's is a continuous and lifelong disorder. Individuals with Asperger's should be able to function with the disorder with proper coping skills in place. Adapting their environment to their disorder is especially critical. Finding a work environment that de-emphasizes social interactions may be appropriate. In addition, having a regular work routine and schedule may be beneficial. Interventions, such as social skills training, education and/or psychotherapy, may be necessary to better manage symptoms.
References
- "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Ed.)"; American Psychiatric Association; 2000
- Asperger's Association of New England: What is Asperger Syndrome?
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
