One of the key considerations when purchasing a new bike is frame material. Two of the most common frame materials are aluminum and steel. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each material will help the consumer make an educated decision on his purchase.
Weight
In general, aluminum frames are lighter than steel. The quality of the frame will ultimately determine weight. A well-built lightweight steel frame could weigh less than an inexpensive aluminum frame. To create lightweight frames, tube thickness is varied throughout the length of the tube. Tubes will be thicker in areas that are under heavy strain and thinner in areas that are not.
Frame Fatigue
Aluminum frames possess the shortest fatigue life of any material used to manufacture bicycle frames. The typical aluminum frame possesses a life expectancy of five to 10 years. The fatigue life of steel is much longer, but the material requires more maintenance. To prevent rust formation steel frames must be cleaned and polished regularly and periodically coated with rust stop on the interior of the frame.
Comfort
Aluminum frames are stiff, allowing for optimal transfer of human power to forward motion, which makes an aluminum frame a great choice for sprints, time trials and criteriums. However, a stiff frame can be extremely uncomfortable on long rides. The properties that make aluminum stiff also transfer road vibrations directly to the rider. Adding a carbon seat post, carbon fork or carbon handlebar can help dampen road vibrations and increase comfort when riding an aluminum frame. Steel frames are not as stiff as aluminum frames and provide more comfort on long rides. A steel frame equipped with a carbon fork and seat post will provide a very comfortable and supple ride. Because steel frames are not as stiff as aluminum they tend to flex during sprints, leading to a slight power loss. Keep in mind that comfort varies greatly with frame quality in both categories.
Price
Of the two materials, aluminum is the least expensive at any given weight point. You will need to decide the cost benefit between the two materials.
Choosing a Frame
You will need to choose the frame material that best suits your riding needs and your current budget. Aluminum frames are a good choice for riders on a tight budget who want optimal performance. Steel frames are ideal for those riders seeking comfort on longer rides. Ride both frame materials prior to purchasing to determine which best fits your needs.
References
- "The Complete Book of Road Cycling and Racing;" Will Peveler, McGraw-Hill, 2009
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