Introduction
There are many types of birth control on the market ranging from pills to injections. One option that has been around for many decades is spermicides. Spermicides are often used in conjunction with other birth control barriers, including caps, sponges and condoms, to increase their efficacy against pregnancy.
Application
Spermicides can be applied in two ways. The first is to insert the spermicide directly into the vagina. This can be done with spermicide creams or gels, as well as a suppository. Spermicides can also be applied through a device, such as the use of a soaked contraceptive sponge, or a condom that includes a spermicide in the lubricant.
Process
Spermicide works by immobilizing sperm. As the sperm are ejaculated from the penis, the sperm come directly into contact with spermicide before being able to enter the uterus. Most spermicides are made up of a chemical called nonoxynol-9. When sperm come into contact with this chemical, they become immobilized, or in some cases are killed. Without the ability to move their tail, sperm are unable to swim through the female reproductive tract to fertilize the egg, helping to prevent pregnancy.
Effectiveness
Spermicide is one of the least effective forms of birth control. According to research performed by the Mayo Clinic, an estimated 29 out of every 100 women who solely use spermicide for birth control will become pregnant. When combined with other contraceptive methods, such as a condom, this chance of pregnancy decreases. Also, when used alone, spermicides do not provide protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In fact, side effects of spermicide use include vaginal irritation, which may actually increase your risk of contracting an STD.
