Seizure disorder or epilepsy is a neurological condition caused by disorganized or rapid firing of neurons in the brain. It is characterized by convulsions or changes in consciousness. There are many different types of medication used to treat seizures. Though some medications have unique side effects, most can cause a number of common side effects.
Fatigue
Fatigue and sedation are commonly reported side effects of most seizure medications. The Epilepsy Foundation reports that drowsiness is one of the most commonly reported side effects, while sedation or changes in level of consciousness are more likely to occur with higher doses and may indicate developing toxicity. Most patients will become adjusted to fatigue or drowsiness; however the condition should be reported to a physician if it persists or worsens.
Dizziness
Dizziness is another commonly reported side effect with epilepsy medication that may lessen as the patient adjusts to the treatment. Dizziness that affects the ability to walk or other problems with normal movement may indicate a dose that is too high and should be reported to a medical professional.
Abdominal Difficulties
Many medications including a large number of anti-convulsant drugs cause problems with the digestive system. Common side effects include nausea and diarrhea, while others develop constipation. Though most patients will become less sensitive to these side effects, abdominal pain may be more serious and indicate the development of pancreatic or liver problems and warrant medical attention.
Weight Changes
One common problem that may be bothersome for those on seizure medications is weight gain. Epilepsy.com states that seizure medications such as gabapentin, carbamazepine and valproic acid may increase the desire for certain foods, particularly carbohydrates. In addition, other side effects such as dizziness and fatigue may contribute to weight gain as the patient is less active. Other medications such as topiramate, felbamate and zonisamide may cause weight loss as appetite is suppressed.
Foggy Thinking
Problems with thinking and memory loss are commonly reported with most seizure medications. In most cases, these effects are mild and may involve difficulties such as being able to remember a specific word. In more severe cases, there can be an inability to perform daily complex activities, a condition that should be treated by a physician. In children, this side effect may affect the ability to learn and should be carefully monitored.
Rash
Some of the seizure medications such as phenytoin and carbamazepine may cause simple rashes which are bothersome. Some rashes that develop while taking these and other medications, however, may indicate an allergic reaction or the development of another serious condition known as Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS). SJS is characterized by a bulls eye-like rash and may be fatal. Any rash that develops after taking epilepsy medication should receive immediate medical attention to rule out allergy, SJS or other serious skin disorder.
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