Males and females of all ages can get a urinary tract infection (UTI). The urinary tract refers to the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Any or all parts of the urinary tract can be involved in the infection. The Mayo Clinic says women are more susceptible to infection than men. Symptoms include pain or burning while urinating, strong urge to urinate, frequent urination or unusual urine coloration. Most urinary tract infections are caused by bacteria that make their way into the tract.
Common Bacteria
Escherichia coli (E. coli) often causes bladder inflammation or infection, mostly in younger women, according to the Mayo Clinic. E. coli is usually harmless and exists naturally in the intestines. When the bacteria spreads to the vaginal opening, it can make its way further into the body, such as into the bladder, and cause infection. The introduction of this type of bacteria to the urinary tract is most often due to wiping incorrectly after a bowel movement. The University of Maryland Medical center (UMM) suggests wiping from the front to back to prevent the spread of any harmful fecal bacteria.
The UMMC points out that Staphylococcus saprophyticus is responsible for about five to 15 percent of UTIs, mostly in younger females. This bacteria can also be found in fecal matter or can reproduce during the menstrual cycle.
Sexually Transmitted Disease
Several sexually transmitted diseases can contribute to UTIs. The Mayo Clinic explains that because the urethra is so close to the vagina, the STD can easily infect the urinary tract. Men can be susceptible to STD-induced UTIs, but it is more likely in women. Some of the more common culprits include the herpes simplex virus, gonorrhea and chlamydia.
Hygiene
Sexual intercourse can introduce bacteria to the vaginal or penile areas. Improper hygiene after sexual intercourse can increase the risk of an infection. Failing to wash the genital regions frequently, especially after diarrhea or other illness, can make the body more susceptible to unhealthy bacteria.
Urinary Obstruction
Kidney stones or other urinary obstructions can prevent urine from making its way out of the body. This can lead to urine retention. Any bacteria found in the urine can proliferate and cause an infection. The bladder normally processes bacteria and helps it exit the body. When the bacteria are not allowed to leave the body, the result is illness.
Aging
As women age, the tissues of the vagina, urethra and bladder can become thinner and more fragile due to the loss of estrogen, says the Mayo Clinic. Natural aging processes such as this can contribute to unstable bacteria levels in the genital region.
Other Causes
Any number of environmental agents can help introduce bacteria to the urinary tract. This includes the use of condoms, spermicidal agents, certain cleansers and other allergens.
