Sinuses are hollow spaces in the bones of the face. Sinusitis or an infection of the sinuses is a common problem. Complications because of sinusitis are rare, because of the use of antibiotics, but they can occur in patients who take inadequate or irregular antibiotic treatment and those who have weak immunity. The sinuses are situated close to vital structures, such as the eye and brain. Complications are caused by spread of infection to these areas.
Eye Infection
Infection of the eye cavity can occur from a sinus infection, and pus can collect in the tissues of the eye. According to University of Maryland Medical Center, there will be pain, swelling and redness of the lids and double vision when infection spreads to the eye socket. Eye movement also can be affected. A serious but rare problem arises when the optic nerve is involved. This will lead to decrease in the vision or loss of vision. This is a medical emergency, and you have to consult your doctor immediately.
Brain Infection
Infection from the sinuses can spread to the lining and fluid surrounding the brain via bone and blood vessels. This is called meningitis. According to American Rhinologic Society, infection may spread to the brain itself. This results in an abscess, a life-threatening collection of pus in the brain. This will cause symptoms of headache, vomiting, change in consciousness, seizures and fever. This requires immediate medical care, and possibly surgery to drain the pus.
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis, an infection of the bone overlying the forehead, can occur with a frontal sinus infection. There will be headache, fever, pain and soft swelling in the forehead. This will require antibiotics and removal of the infected bone.
Other Complications
According to Mayo Clinic, an untreated sinus infection can aggravate and cause an asthma flareup. (See ref 3) The asthma symptoms generally improve with treatment of the sinusitis.
Decrease or loss in the sense of smell also can occur because of sinusitis. This can be temporary or permanent. There may be a decrease in the sensation of taste.
The sinuses can act as a septic focus. Untreated sinusitis can result in infection of the middle ear, tonsil infection and lung disease.
If signs and symptoms of sinusitis worsen and do not improve in 3-4 days, you may be developing a complication. Early follow-up with your doctor is required.
