Migraines are severe, debilitating headaches that may last for days. They begin with a trigger. Caffeine may trigger migraines in some people, but in others it is a treatment. The stimulatory effects of caffeine and its ability to constrict blood vessels helps relieve migraine pain, while these same properties sensitize the blood vessels and cause withdrawal symptoms when caffeine levels fall.
Migraine
A migraine is an intense, throbbing headache that usually occurs on one side of the head, says the Cleveland Clinic. The headache lasts up to four days and is typically accompanied by nausea, vomiting or sensitivity to light or sound. The migraine process starts with a trigger, such as hormone fluctuations or certain foods, that stimulate nerve cells to send signals that constrict blood vessels. The blood vessels then dilate while releasing serotonin and prostaglandins, which contribute to the accompanying pain. The initial trigger is unique to each migraine sufferer. Common triggers include stress, fatigue, hunger, and foods such as cheese and processed meats or weather changes.
Caffeine as Treatment
Caffeine constricts blood vessels, which may help relieve migraine pain, according to Headache Expert. When added to pain relievers such as acetaminophen, caffeine may increase the analgesic effect of the medication up to 40 percent. This boost in analgesia may allow migraine sufferers to take lower doses of the medication, reducing the gastrointestinal side effects associated with many pain relievers. The analgesic effect of caffeine can be felt within a half hour and lasts up to five hours.
Caffeine as Trigger
Caffeine triggers migraines and other types of headaches in some people, according to The Cleveland Clinic. Blood vessels may become sensitized to the effects of caffeine. Because caffeine stimulates the nervous system, withdrawal symptoms may occur when caffeine levels drop. The threshold that triggers withdrawal symptoms is different for each person, although the average caffeine level leading to withdrawal symptoms is 500 mg per day (the equivalent of five cups of coffee.) Some people, particularly the elderly, have lower thresholds. Withdrawal symptoms include headache, nausea, attention deficits, anxiety and agitation. The withdrawal symptoms are caused by decreased levels of caffeine and do not result from addiction. Caffeine addiction, characterized by compulsive cravings for caffeine, is uncommon.
Other Side Effects
As a stimulant, caffeine may cause nervousness, anxiety or insomnia, according to The Headache Expert. Headaches, dizziness, rapid heart rate and shaking may also occur with caffeine use. Side effects are more common with higher doses.
Cautions
Monitor your caffeine use if you are pregnant or taking medications, notes The Headache Expert. Consult your health care provider before adding caffeine to your migraine treatment regimen since caffeine may aggravate your headaches. Monitor your daily caffeine intake, and be sure to include the caffeine in foods such as chocolate, tea and soft drinks as well as that found in medications. If you want to reduce your daily caffeine intake, the New England Center for Headache recommends gradually tapering your daily caffeine intake. For example, cut out one cup of coffee every five to seven days.
Member Comments