Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. This results in an imbalance of chemical reactions in the body. It often affects women over the age of 50. Hypothyroidism is typically asymptomatic in the early stages. As the disease progresses, it can cause several serious medical issues. Recognizing symptoms and treating hypothyroidism is essential in preventing health problems.
Fatigue
A change in thyroid function results in fatigue. Underactive thyroid causes decreased activity throughout the body. This includes the brain which signals for sleep.
Constipation
Hypothyroidism causes the body to slow down. This is also true for the digestive system. Slowed digestion results in bloating and slowed elimination. According to the Mayo Clinic, constipation includes infrequent bowel movements, hard stools or strained bowel movements.
Weight Gain
A slowed metabolism is the result of an underactive thyroid. The thyroid hormone works to regulate the body's metabolism. If the thyroid is not producing enough hormones, the metabolism will slow downn resulting in weight gain. In addition, a person may experience exhaustion, which may inhibit normal activity and add to weight gain.
Depression
Depression is caused by an imbalance of hormones in the body. Hypothyroidism results in a lack of hormone production. Other symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as fatigue and weight gain, can also contribute to depression.
Brittle Nails and Hair
A slowed metabolism causes slowed bodily functions. This includes lower body temperature and reduced sweating. This decreases the moisture throughout the entire body, resulting in brittle hair and nails.
High Cholesterol
A slowdown in metabolic activity due to hypothyroidism may result in elevated cholesterol. Hormone treatment should aid in cholesterol reduction along with a heart-healthy diet. However, if elevated cholesterol exists, hypothyroidism is a risk for developing heart disease.
Joint Pain
Hypothyroidism is an autoimmune disease. The body builds up a defense against itself. Low levels of the thyroid hormone may result in joint pain, swelling of joints and carpal tunnel syndrome. The Mayo Clinic states that this puts a person at greater risk for developing other autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
Goiter
Untreated hypothyroidism can lead to several serious health problems. Enlargement of the thyroid gland may result in a goiter which affects physical appearance and breathing.
Infertility
Infertility is possible due to low levels of thyroid hormone in the body. Furthermore, women with undiagnosed hypothyroidism have a greater risk of having babies with birth defects.
Myxedema
Advanced hypothyroidism is known as myxedema. It is a rare but life-threatening condition. Symptoms include reduced body temperature, hypotension, shallow breathing, unresponsiveness and coma. If untreated, myxedema can be fatal.
