Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors are medications commonly prescribed to treat depression. While MAO inhibitors can be quite effective, they may cause adverse side effects in some people. Those interested in using MAO inhibitors for treatment should discuss potential side effects and risks before deciding if this type of medication is right for them. Those already taking MAO inhibitors should promptly report any unusual or bothersome side effects to their doctors.
Unusually High Blood Pressure
MAO inhibitors require special dietary guidelines and restrictions. Those that do not conform to these guidelines may experience an adverse reaction consisting of unusually high blood pressure called hypertensive crisis. Symptoms of this reaction include severe chest pain, enlarged pupils, a heartbeat that is unusually fast or slow, severe headache, sensitivity to light, increased sweating, nausea and vomiting, and a stiff or sore neck, according to Drugs.com. People who have these symptoms while taking MAO inhibitor medications should seek medical attention immediately.
Dizziness or Lightheadedness
Some people may experience dizziness or lightheadedness when taking MAO inhibitors. This symptom may be triggered when getting up from a lying or sitting position, but can occur at other times as well. This dizziness can also cause other reactions, including weakness, nausea, sweating, hyperventilation, giddiness and sometimes confusion, states HealthyPlace.com. Those experiencing severe dizziness or lightheadedness should report this side effect to a doctor as soon as possible, warns the Mayo Clinic. However, if the reaction is mild, waiting to see if the symptom goes away on its own may be appropriate. Wearing support hosiery, drinking plenty of fluids and standing up more slowly may help minimize the problem.
Drowsiness or Blurred Vision
Drowsiness and blurred vision are also common side effects of MAO inhibitors. The mental health website HealthyPlace.com warns that people on MAO inhibitors should be cautious about doing activities requiring alertness or good vision until they know how their bodies will react to the medications. Although these side effects should go away once the body gets used to the medication, people bothered by these things should discuss their concerns with their doctors.
Sexual Problems
While the type of sexual problems that may occur when taking MAO inhibitors will vary depending upon the individual circumstance, HealthyPlace.com notes that delayed orgasm is the most common. However, sexual dysfunction is common with many other antidepressant alternatives as well, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), so this side effect is not exclusive to MAO inhibitors. Although these sexual problems usually will disappear as the body adjusts to the medication, those concerned about this condition should talk to a doctor.
Increased Appetite and Weight Gain
MAO inhibitors may cause an increase in appetite. This can include an increased craving for sweets, according to the Mayo Clinic. Perhaps due to this increase in appetite, weight gain is also common for many people who take MAO inhibitors.
Other Side Effects
Other side effects of MAO inhibitors include a decreased amount of urine, mild headaches, muscle twitching during sleep, restlessness, shakiness or trembling and difficulty sleeping, according to the Mayo Clinic. While these side effects are common, they are most likely temporary and not usually cause for concern. However, any side effect that seems particularly persistent or bothersome should be reported to a doctor.
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