Dry skin in winter is common and affects people of all ages, according to the University of Iowa. While the condition rarely indicates a serious health condition, it can lead to severe itching, difficulty sleeping and painful skin cracks. Most cases of dry skin in winter can be treated at home with moisturizers and lifestyle changes, but severe cases, or those complicated by other medical problems, may require evaluation and treatment by a medical professional.
Features
Dry skin most often affects the arms and legs, but it may occur anywhere on the body. The hands are especially prone to drying and flaking because the skin on the hands is thinner and has fewer oil glands than other areas of the body. Dry skin may itch severely and typically appears dull and flaking, sometimes to the point of turning gray or white. When dry skin develops on the face, neck or hands, existing fine lines may become more pronounced. Dry skin is rougher in texture than moist skin, and severe cases are characterized by the development of numerous small cracks and large rough or scaly patches.
Causes
Dry skin is more common during the winter months for several reasons. The most common cause is the combination of low outdoor temperatures and low indoor humidity caused by hot-air heating, according to the National Institutes of Health. Winter dryness tends to become worse with age, as the natural layer of oil on the skin that works to seal in moisture decreases as we grow older. Taking long hot baths or showers is also drying, and wearing scratchy fabrics, like wool, sweating due to overdressing and wearing clothing wet from snow or rain can also contribute to dry skin, according to the American Academy of Dermatology.
Treatment
Treatment of dry skin in winter involves applying an oil-based, ointment moisturizer to dry areas several times each day and avoiding harsh soaps and hot water, as these may remove the protective layer of oil from the skin and increase dryness. Short, lukewarm showers and using a humidifier inside the home are also beneficial. Eczema flare-ups may require topical corticosteroid application. Over-the-counter anti-itch lotions and medications should be used sparingly, if at all, as they can worsen dry skin, according to the University of Iowa. Instead, use products containing menthol and camphor or pramoxine.
Considerations
The itching associated with dry skin is often significant and may interfere with sleep and normal functioning, and rubbing or scratching the skin can increase irritation and itching and may lead to infection. Use a towel to pat skin dry after showering, and sleep with gloves on if you scratch while you're asleep. Use of antihistamines or other medications to relieve itching can also increase skin dryness and make symptoms worse. Deep or bleeding cracks in the skin require medical attention to prevent infection and reduce the likelihood of scarring.
Warning
Although dry skin in winter is common, the University of Iowa states that new or severe cases need evaluation. This is because a variety of potentially serious medical disorders can cause dry, itchy skin, including an underactive thyroid, allergies, ringworm and certain genetic diseases. A skin biopsy or other tests may be necessary if an underlying cause is suspected.
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