Retinol is a form of vitamin A that is made from retinoic acid. This natural food source is found in animal products, including liver, kidney, eggs and dairy produce. While vitamin A can be ingested, forms of it also can be applied to the skin for the treatment of a variety of skin conditions, such as wrinkles or acne.
Function
Retinol works in two ways: the first is as an exfoliating agent and the second is as a fine-line reducer. When retinol is applied to the skin, it penetrates and loosen bacteria that causes acne and can encourage skin exfoliation. Because acne can result from clogged pores that contain dead skin cells, the exfoliating properties of retinol can be useful in clearing these pores.
For the second function, retinol penetrates the skin to cause the basal skin cells to grow. This results in the skin growing thicker, which reduces the appearance of wrinkles. Also, retinol can increase collagen fiber production, which makes the skin appear more supple.
Effects
Retinol can be purchased over-the-counter in a variety of skin products. According to the "Chicago Tribune," a study published in the Skin Pharmacology and Physiology journal found that applying 0.1 percent retinol solution can reduce the appearance of fine lines and make more even skin tone after applying retinol for 12 weeks.
Types
Retinol skincare products occur in a number of forms, including in creams, lotions, serums, oils, eye, hand, lip and acne treatments, according to the Retinol Resource Center. The use of each typically depends on your skincare needs. For example, someone looking to reduce under-eye wrinkles may use a retinol eye cream. If you hope to reduce the signs of acne and have oily skin, you might use a retinol cream treatment. If you have dry skin, a retinol lotion or serum may be more appropriate.
Considerations
Retinol skincare products may cause dry skin and flaking when initially applied. For this reason, apply a small amount once a day, then increase the amount and frequency of application. Over time, the skin will become more acclimated to the retinol and discomfort or dryness should not continue after a few weeks. Because your skin may be sensitive at this time, applying a sunscreen or moisturizer may be helpful in preventing sunburn and dryness.
Warning
Pregnant women should ask their physician if they can continue the use of retinol products, according to the Mayo Clinic. Vitamin A also may be secreted in breast milk, so ask your doctor about using retinol if you're breastfeeding.
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