Vaginal odor occurs for a number of reasons including bacterial overgrowth, sexually transmitted diseases or a number of other infections or irritants. The odor of the vagina may be described as foul or "fishy." The Mayo Clinic suggests vaginal odor may be more noticeable or worse after sexual intercourse. Other symptoms may accompany the odor, such as itching or discharge. Vaginal odor can be temporary or persistent. Medical treatment is important in ruling out any serious underlying conditions.
Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterium are found naturally in the vagina but the balance can be disrupted by sexual intercourse, illness or environmental factors. This can lead to bacterial vaginosis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggests bacterial vaginosis to be the most common vaginal infection in women. In addition to a fish-like odor, there may be vaginal discharge, burning with urination or itching in the vaginal area. The CDC points out that the infection often resolves on its own without treatment, but antibiotics can be prescribed if needed.
Sexually Transmitted Disease
Sexually transmitted diseases, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, can cause foul vaginal odors. These may be fish-like or some other odor that is unusual or unpleasant. Both chlamydia and gonorrhea are caused by bacteria that can easily be spread between sexual partners. In addition to foul odors a woman may notice painful urination, increased vaginal discharge, abdominal pain or pain in the pelvis, suggests the Mayo Clinic. Chlamydia can also go unnoticed due to a lack of symptoms or the presence of only mild symptoms, like vaginal odor. Both chlamydia and gonorrhea are treated with antibiotics.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to an infection of the uterine lining, fallopian tubes and/or ovaries. A number of things can cause PID, including unprotected sexual intercourse, childbirth and prolonged wearing of a tampon. PID can present a number of symptoms, including unusual vaginal odors, abnormal discharge and pain or tenderness in the pelvis, lower abdomen or lower back, suggests the University of Maryland Medical center. Antibiotics are effective in treating this condition.
Improper Hygiene
Vaginal odor can be the result of improper hygiene techniques. This can include using harsh chemicals to cleanse the vaginal area. Some women may have sensitivities to certain fragrances, ingredients or materials. When the vagina becomes irritated an odor may develop. Wiping after a bowel movement in the wrong direction, from back to front, can introduce bacteria from the feces into the vaginal area. The result can be irritation or infection.
Yeast Infection
Yeast exists naturally in the vagina. When yeast becomes overgrown the result is a yeast infection. Symptoms include vaginal odor, discharge and itching. Some women may not notice an odor to the discharge or the odor may be bread-like. In some cases a fish-like odor can occur. Treatment for a yeast infection consists of anti-fungal medication that comes in cream or vaginal suppository form. Most infections can be resolved with an over-the-counter form of the medication, but prescription strength options are available for more severe infections.
