Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent disorder during childhood, affecting 3 to 7 percent of children, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Protection. A patient with ADHD has problems sustaining attention and controlling impulses and behavior. Medication is one of the treatment options available, but serious risks are possible. Before choosing a medication, parents should weigh the benefits and dangers of ADHD medication.
Heart Problems with Stimulants
The Mayo Clinic states that stimulants, such as methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine-amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, are one of the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD. While stimulants are effective in treating the symptoms, they do have some serious side effects, including heart problems. In rare occurrences, children and adolescents who took a stimulant for ADHD had a heart-related death. Before prescribing a stimulant, the doctor will check if the child has any preexisting heart conditions. The American Heart Association recommends an electroencephalogram test, while the American Academy of Pediatricians recommends a family history and a physical examination. Warning signs of a heart problem when on a stimulant include chest pain, fainting and shortness of breath.
Abuse of Stimulants
Stimulants, which are part of the amphetamine class of drugs, carry a risk of abuse, according to HelpGuide. The patient may be abusing the drug for an attention boost while studying or for weight loss or may be giving stimulant pills to friends for similar reasons. Parents of children taking stimulants for ADHD should monitor the number of pills their children have, and make sure they are not selling or sharing their medication.
Psychiatric Problems with Stimulants
Stimulants may also trigger or exacerbate symptoms of a psychiatric disorder, such as paranoia, hostility, depression, aggression and anxiety. Patients who have either bipolar disorder or depression or a family history of either disorder are at greater risk for this side effect. As a precaution, the patient should be monitored closely for any changes in behavior.
Liver Problems with Non-stimulants
The Mayo Clinic states that non-stimulants, such as atomoxetine, are the other most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD. Non-stimulants are effective in treating ADHD symptoms, but they are not as good for hyperactivity symptoms as stimulants. In rare cases, non-stimulants can affect liver function. Warning signs include jaundice, which is abnormal yellowing of the skin, dark-colored urine and flu-like symptoms.
Suicide Risk with Non-stimulants
The Mayo Clinic notes that non-stimulants may also increase suicidal thoughts in children and adolescents, though non-stimulant use has not been linked to any completed suicides. This risk of behavioral changes is higher if the patient has a mood disorder, such as bipolar disorder or depression, in which suicidal thoughts and behaviors are symptoms.
