1. Notice Breathing Difficulties
Cyanide actually includes a number of different poisonous chemicals, called the "CN group." It includes cyanogens chloride, hydrogen cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide. They work by replacing oxygen in the body and preventing the victim from taking any in. The victim may feel like he is being suffocated, even though there is nothing that appears to be interfering with his breathing. Other breathing problems may appear as well--rapid breathing, difficulty breathing, an irregular rate of breathing or (in the worse cases) convulsions and unconsciousness.
2. Watch for Changes in Skin Color
Cyanide poisoning is marked by an unusual pink or reddish color in the skin. The eyes may also be irritated, and the victim may sweat far more than normal. The nose and throat may show signs of irritation as well, and potassium cyanide can also cause a rash if it comes into contact with the skin. If any of these symptoms appear, contact a poison center immediately.
3. Be Ready for Nausea or Vomiting
The victim's body may attempt to expel the cyanide through vomiting. This can be dangerous because the vomit may contain cyanide itself and could poison other nearby people. While you want to keep the victim's nose and mouth clear, always wear gloves when you handle him and don't ever try mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
4. Be Prepared for Immediate Reactions
One of the reasons cyanide is so dangerous is because it acts so fast. Symptoms can go from mild to toxic in a very brief period of time, so when they appear, move quickly. Get the victim away from any cyanide in the vicinity, and be ready to both treat the symptoms and provide any antidotes on-hand as soon as you can. Call a poison center at the first sign of cyanide poisoning--the national number is (800) 222-1222 and the number for a local center should be available on the inside cover or first few pages of your phone book.
