Many types of fish are an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids also known as fish oils. Fish oils consist of two types of fatty acids: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). According to the American Heart Association, omega-3 fatty acids benefit the heart of both healthy people and those at risk for or who have heart disease. Fish oils can reduce triglycerides, lower blood pressure, and decrease the risk of heart disease and death. Eating fish or taking fish oil supplements are great ways to ensure the body reaps the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids.
Hypertriglyceridemia
According to Medline Plus, fish oil supplements (EPA and DHA) have been found to reduce elevated triglyceride levels (hypertriglyceridemia) depending on dosage. They also appear to increase high-density lipoprotein (good cholesterol). Small increases in low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) have also been observed. The American Heart Association recommends a daily dose of 2 to 4 g (2000 to 4000 mg). However, it is important to contact a medical professional prior to beginning a fish oil regimen.
Hypertension
The Mayo Clinic states that research has found that intake of fish oils results in small reductions in blood pressure. High dosage may be required to observe meaningful effects. Increased intake of fish oil supplements puts a person at risk for bleeding. It is important to consult with a medical professional prior to taking supplements.
Secondary Cardiovascular Disease
Research has found that consumption of fish oils supplements decreases the risk of heart attack, sudden death and mortality for those who have a history of heart attack. Those who suffer from secondary heart disease are typically taking heart medication, which suggests that fish oils enhance the effects of medication.
Primary Cardiovascular Disease
Epidemiologic studies have found a lower rate of death from cardiovascular disease in people who regularly eat fish or take fish oil supplements. However, the Mayo Clinic states that it is unclear if benefits are found only in specific groups of people. Evidence is encouraging with regular fish oil intake; however, more research is needed.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
According to Medline Plus, regular intake of fish oil supplements has been found to improve joint stiffness and tenderness. Supplementation in addition to anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin or ibuprofen, has beneficial effects. Studies have found positive results over a period of three months or less. More research is needed to evaluate long-term effects.
Cyclosporin Toxicity
The Mayo Clinic cites several studies of heart and kidney transplant patients taking cyclosporine who were prescribed fish oil supplements. Most of the trials have found patients to have lower blood pressure and better kidney function than patients who were not prescribed fish oil. More research is needed to determine the exact benefits of fish oil on transplant patients.
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