The food you eat may be a source of cholesterol. Your body also produces cholesterol. Cholesterol is a soft, fatty substance that your body needs in small quantities to function properly. Cholesterol is part of the cell membrane of every cell in your body and is necessary in hormone synthesis and in the production of bile. High density lipoprotein, or HDL, is considered to be a "good" type of cholesterol.
HDL and Cholesterol
Cholesterol cannot dissolve in blood. The relationship between the two is like that of oil and water. Due to this, cholesterol is transported in combination with proteins. This combination of cholesterol and protein is called lipoprotein. High density lipoprotein is a type of cholesterol as is low density lipoprotein, or LDL.
Functions of HDL
HDL has various functions in the body. It is needed in the synthesis of bile, which is needed in the digestive system. It also helps in the production of vitamin D. Synthesis of steroid hormones such as cortisol, cortisone and aldosterone in addition to sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone require the presence of HDL. HDL is known as "good cholesterol" because it protects the heart.
HDL and Heart Disease
According to Mayo Clinic, reducing LDL cholesterol and increasing HDL cholesterol is a great way to lower your risk of heart disease. Heart disease is a term that refers to disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels. High choleserol levels can lead to atherosclerosis which can in turn cause a heart attack. LDL causes atherosclerosis and increases your risk for developing heart disease. HDL on the other hand, promotes removal of LDL cholesterol from your body and lowers your heart disease risk.
Raising Your HDL Levels
When your HDL level is low, your risk for coronary heart disease goes up as well. You can do several things to raise your HDL levels and lower your risk for heart disease. Exercise can raise your HDL levels along with moderate consumption of alcohol. The Mayo Clinic states the benefits of alcohol consumption aren't strong enough to recommend alcohol for anyone who doesn't drink already. Eating a heart healthy diet, not smoking cigarettes and weight control may also raise your HDL levels.
Recommendations
The American Heart Association suggests that a HDL cholesterol level of less than 40 mg/dL for men and less than 50 mg/dL for women can put you at risk for coronary heart disease. According to the Mayo Clinic, a HDL cholesterol level of 60mg/dl or above is best for lowering your risk for heart disease for both sexes.
References
- Mayo Clinic: Cholesterol--What Numbers Should You Aim For?
- American Heart Association: What Your Cholesterol Levels Mean
- "An Introduction to Human Disease: Pathology and Pathophysiology Correlations"; L. V. Crowley; 2009.
- Mayo Clinic: HDL Cholesterol--How to Boost Your 'Good' Cholesterol
