Several different inhalers, both prescribed and available as over-the-counter remedies, are used each day by patients with asthma. The American Lung Association estimates the cost of treating asthma tops $15.6 billion per year. Asthma inhalers, although effective for preventing and treating acute asthma attacks, carry several side effects, some of which are serious and life-threatening. Before a patient begins using an asthma inhaler, he should carefully read the package inserts for a complete list of health warnings.
Cardiovascular Side Effects
Shortly after using an inhaler, patients often complain of increased heart rate (tachycardia). If a patient's heart rate typically runs in the lower 60 to 80 range, a slight increase will not have any serious complications. The heart rate should return to a normal range in a few minutes. If, however, the heart rate increases and remains sustained, the patient should contact her doctor. A serious, life-threatening condition called ventricular fibrillation may occur, which requires immediate medical intervention.
A less serious side effect which may occur with asthma inhaler use is heart palpitations, or angina-like pain that usually subsides within a few minutes.
Central Nervous System Side Effects
Serious side effects such as cerebral hemorrhage and stroke have been recorded as a result of asthma inhaler use. A patient experiencing any sudden and severe headache, weakness on one side, facial or eye droop, confusion, inability to speak, or a "curtain" appearing to fall in the eyes should seek immediate medical attention.
Other less serious side effects may include headache, tremors (the shakes), insomnia (if the inhaler is used close to bedtime) and drowsiness. Much of the development of these side effects may be avoided if the patient uses the inhaler according to the manufacturer's and doctor's recommendations.
Gastrointestinal Side Effects
Abdominal pain, stomach upset, appendicitis, constipation, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting are the most reported gastrointestinal side effects. Diarrhea and vomiting lasting more than 24 hours should be reported to a physician as serious imbalances in electrolytes may occur. A severe sharp pain on the right side of the abdomen that remains sustained, whether accompanied by nausea or not, should be immediately reported to a physician.
Respiratory Side Effects
Patients have reported an increase in respiratory infections, both upper and lower, as well as an increase in bronchitis and cough. Respiratory infections should be reported to a physician for proper treatment or possible change in medication regime.
Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat
Sore throat, blood in the nares, congestion, an increase in dental disorders (cavities, tooth pain), thrush (yeast in the mouth), and nasal irritation and pain are common EENT side effects. Patients should always rinse their mouths after using an asthma inhaler to prevent damage to the tooth enamel.
References
- American Lung Association
- "Mosby's 2010 Nursing Drug Reference"; Linda Skidmore-Roth; 2009
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